Andreessen Horowitz is a venture capital firm founded in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz and based in Menlo Park, California. It funds startups across the entire lifecycle, from seed to growth, with a broad focus on software and technology-enabled businesses. The firm backs companies in software, cloud infrastructure, digital platforms, data storage, and mobile and Internet services, as well as sectors at the intersection of technology with life sciences, such as bio healthcare and computational medicine. Its investments span artificial intelligence, fintech, consumer and enterprise software, crypto and blockchain, cybersecurity, and related infrastructure. Through strategic guidance and a hands-on approach, the firm aims to help portfolio companies scale and innovate.

Khosla Ventures is a California-based venture capital firm founded in 2004 by Vinod Khosla. It provides capital and strategic guidance to startups across stages, focusing on technology-driven companies in areas such as artificial intelligence, climate and sustainability, enterprise software and services, fintech, digital health, medical technology and diagnostics, therapeutics, consumer products, and frontier technologies. The firm backs bold ventures with the potential to disrupt markets and improve lives, supporting companies from early to growth stages and working closely with entrepreneurs to apply science, technology and innovative business models. While primarily investing in North American technology companies, Khosla Ventures pursues opportunities globally and emphasizes experimentation and impact alongside financial returns. The firm also maintains related impact initiatives that support entrepreneurs addressing socio-economic challenges in emerging markets.

New Enterprise Associates is a venture capital firm founded in 1977 and based in Menlo Park, California, with offices in the United States, India and China. It makes investments across technology and healthcare startups at multiple stages, from seed to growth, including software, cloud, data, internet services, fintech, AI, e-commerce, and enterprise technology, as well as healthcare information technology, life sciences, medical devices, and biopharma. It also considers energy technology and infrastructure opportunities, such as solar, batteries and smart grids. The firm pursues a global approach, with activity in the United States, Asia and other regions, and supports companies through rounds of financing ranging from small to sizable investments as they scale. NEA focuses on building portfolios in software, IT services, consumer technology, and healthcare technology, backing ambitious entrepreneurs across sectors and geographies.

Lightspeed Venture Partners is a global venture capital firm that backs startups across enterprise software, consumer technologies, fintech, healthtech, and cleantech from seed through growth stages. Founded in 2000 and headquartered in Menlo Park, California, it maintains offices in Beijing, Shanghai, New Delhi, and Herzliya to engage markets in the United States, Asia, and Israel. The firm focuses on technology-enabled businesses and has supported companies across software, mobile, data, e-commerce, and services, spanning early-stage to expansion rounds. It offers strategic guidance, network access, and capital, and has historically included debt financing as part of its investment approach. With a multi-region footprint and a broad multi-stage mandate, Lightspeed seeks to partner with entrepreneurs to scale innovative companies globally.

Sequoia Capital is a venture capital firm founded in 1972 and based in Menlo Park, California. It invests in seed, early, and growth-stage companies across technology, energy, financial services, healthcare, internet, mobile, outsourcing, manufacturing, media, and retail sectors. The firm seeks ambitious founders and aims to help them build long-lasting, scalable businesses, often taking the lead or significant co-investor roles and providing strategic guidance, networks, and resources. It maintains an international footprint, including investments in India and other regions, reflecting a global approach to partnering with fast-growing companies. Sequoia emphasizes strong teams, innovative products or services, and the potential for rapid growth, positioning itself as a long-term partner for companies that redefine their markets.

Ulu Ventures is a Palo Alto, California-based seed and early-stage venture capital firm that backs technology-driven startups across the United States. Founded in 2008, it focuses on internet-enabled consumer and business services and a broad range of sectors including EdTech, FinTech, healthcare, sustainability, enterprise IT, SaaS, IoT, digital media, mobile, agtech, and marketplaces. The firm emphasizes backing diverse entrepreneurial teams and typically engages in co-investments with other investors to pursue meaningful exits. It is described as the first Latina-led venture fund in Silicon Valley and is among the larger seed-focused vehicles in the region.

Accel is a venture capital firm founded in 1983 and based in Palo Alto, California, with additional offices in San Francisco, London, and Bangalore. It focuses on early and growth-stage technology startups, investing across software, cloud, data analytics, mobile technology, consumer services, fintech, security, healthcare, and information technologies. Accel seeks to partner with entrepreneurs to build world-class companies that define new categories and drive growth. Its portfolio includes notable technology companies such as Atlassian, Dropbox, Slack, Spotify, Etsy, Cloudera, DJI, Braintree, and Lookout Security, among others.

Google is a multinational technology company renowned for its search engine, offering services such as Gmail, Google Drive, Google Docs, and YouTube. It specializes in advertising solutions through Google Ads and mobile operating systems with Android, while actively innovating in artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Founded in 1995, SOSV is a global venture capital firm headquartered in New Jersey. It focuses on seed-to-growth stage investments in deep tech innovations, primarily in bio-tech/life sciences and hardware/robotics sectors, with a commitment to human and planetary health.

Alumni Ventures Group is a venture capital firm based in Manchester, New Hampshire, with offices across North America. It provides access to venture investing for individual accredited investors, particularly alumni networks, by offering diversified portfolios of venture opportunities and allowing members to invest alongside fellow alumni in ventures led by peers. The firm backs early-stage and later-stage opportunities across technology, consumer, healthcare, financial services, and other sectors, with a sector- and geography-agnostic approach. It typically invests between $10,000 and $3 million per deal and emphasizes the involvement of alumni connections and an institutional lead investor in opportunities. Alumni Ventures also offers focused funds to broaden participation, enabling accredited investors to access venture portfolios diversified by type, sector, stage, and geography. The model aims to democratize access to venture capital while maintaining rigorous selection standards through alumni networks.

Founded in 2000, General Catalyst is a venture capital firm specializing in early-stage and growth equity investments. It focuses on accelerating ideas, careers, and companies towards success by providing ongoing momentum and mentorship based on deep experience.

The National Science Foundation is an independent federal agency in the United States that funds and supports research and education in science and engineering. It funds fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering and administers non-dilutive funding programs to aid early‑stage technology development, helping translate discoveries into commercially viable products and services. Through grants and fellowships, the NSF supports researchers, educators, and startups, contributing to innovation and U.S. competitiveness. The agency operates with a substantial budget to advance science, engineering, and STEM education nationwide.

Insight Partners is a global software investor that partners with growth-stage technology and software companies. The firm focuses on growth-stage software, internet, and data services, with emphasis on fintech, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and machine learning, DevOps, and healthcare. Based in New York City with offices in London, Tel Aviv, and Palo Alto, Insight Partners has backed more than 750 companies worldwide and has more than 55 portfolio companies that have achieved an IPO. As of 2022, the firm reports over $75 billion in assets under management. It seeks to fund and work closely with visionary executives, providing practical, hands-on software expertise to support growth from initial investment through to IPO.

Founders Fund is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm that backs science and technology companies across multiple stages, from seed to late-stage. It pursues transformative technologies and follows a founder-friendly investment approach that provides substantial support with minimal interference. The firm invests in ventures solving difficult problems across sectors such as aerospace and transportation, artificial intelligence, advanced computing, energy, healthcare, biotechnology, cybersecurity, fintech, consumer internet, software, robotics, and related technology fields. It has backed notable companies early, including SpaceX, Palantir, and Facebook, reflecting a history of partnering with ambitious founders to scale breakthrough technologies.

Founded in 1972, Kleiner Perkins is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. It specializes in investing in early-stage, growth, and incubation companies across various sectors including technology, healthcare, life sciences, and consumer goods. The firm partners with founders from inception to IPO, supporting them to maximize the potential of their ideas.

SoftBank Robotics Europe, formerly Aldebaran Robotics, designs and manufactures humanoid robots for education, research, health, distribution, tourism, business applications, and home use. The company serves customers worldwide and focuses on interactive robotics that assist professionals and individuals. Founded in 2005, it is based in Paris, France, with additional offices in France, Japan, the United States, and China, and operates as a subsidiary of SoftBank Group.

Founded in 2009, SV Angel is a San Francisco-based angel investment firm and service organization that backs early-stage startups, particularly in software and technology, by providing business development support, financing, strategic guidance on mergers and acquisitions, and other resources. It leverages a broad network to assist founders at critical inflection points, helping with market strategy, partnerships, and access to capital to build durable companies across the United States.

Founded in 1968, Intel designs, manufactures, and sells essential technologies for cloud, smart, and connected devices worldwide. Its product portfolio includes platform products like central processing units and chipsets, along with non-platform products such as accelerators, boards and systems, connectivity products, and memory and storage products. Intel serves original equipment manufacturers, original design manufacturers, and cloud service providers.

Bossa Invest is a venture capital firm based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, founded in 2011, that manages investment portfolios and provides asset management services to clients across sectors, with a focus on software as a service companies, and analyzes market trends to inform its investment decisions while operating in finance, technology, and real estate.

Threshold Ventures is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. It pursues a high-conviction, early-stage investment strategy and partners with entrepreneurs to build technology-driven companies in consumer, enterprise, and healthcare sectors. The firm provides venture and growth capital to technology companies and has historical ties to the broader Draper Fisher Jurvetson network. Threshold focuses on supporting early-stage ventures across software, consumer, and healthcare technologies, and seeks to back innovative teams aiming to reach market leadership.

Sand Hill Angels, established in 2000, is a prominent angel investor group based in Mountain View, California, comprising over 60 successful Silicon Valley technology professionals. The group is dedicated to supporting and growing startup companies, with a focus on seed-stage technology investments across North America. They typically invest between $300,000 to $500,000 in private companies, with a pre-money valuation of less than $5 million. Sand Hill Angels' investment preferences span various sectors, including clean technology, Internet startups, information sciences, and life sciences, with a particular interest in semiconductors, enterprise software, storage, communications, medical devices, diagnostics, and bioinformatics. The group collaborates openly with venture capital funds, other angel organizations, and the broader Bay Area ecosystem to foster the growth of technology startups.

Norwest Venture Partners is a global technology venture capital firm founded in 1961 and based in California. It invests across venture and growth stages in the United States, India, Israel, and other markets, targeting software, cloud and IT infrastructure, information services, enterprise software and services, financial services, consumer products and healthcare. The firm backs entrepreneurs with capital plus an extensive network and operating experience to help scale their businesses. Since its inception it has backed hundreds of companies and manages a multi-billion-dollar portfolio, deploying capital in seed to growth rounds and across sectors that drive technology-enabled growth. Norwest emphasizes building lasting relationships with founders and mentoring teams through strategic guidance and market access to accelerate expansion and scale globally.

Founded in 2012, Berkeley SkyDeck is a global startup accelerator based at UC Berkeley. It offers a six-month cohort program for startups founded by UC Berkeley students, alumni, and faculty, providing up to $100,000 in funding divided into two tranches. The accelerator is industry-agnostic and supports around 120 startups annually.

Founded in 1965, Greylock Partners is a venture capital firm investing in consumer and enterprise software companies. It focuses on seed to growth-stage investments, with notable portfolio companies including Airbnb, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Palo Alto Networks.

Founded in 2015, Liquid 2 Ventures is a venture capital firm based in San Francisco, California. It specializes in seed-stage investments for technology startups.

Salesforce is a cloud-based software company that provides enterprise customer relationship management software and applications on a subscription basis. It designs and develops cloud-based enterprise software for sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, and application development, offering a comprehensive suite including Service Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Commerce Cloud, MuleSoft for data integration, and the Salesforce Platform. Its Customer 360 platform unifies customer data across systems, apps, and devices to help organizations sell, service, market, and conduct commerce more effectively.

First Round Capital is a San Francisco-based venture capital firm that concentrates on seed- and early-stage investments, often supporting pre-revenue startups across sectors including enterprise software, fintech, healthcare, consumer, hardware, artificial intelligence, and web3. The firm emphasizes a community-driven approach, providing founder-focused services, mentorship, and access to a broad founder network to help companies grow. It operates nationally with offices in San Francisco and New York and seeks to take an active role in portfolio companies to aid scaling and access to follow-on funding.

Tiger Global Management is a New York based investment firm that manages public and private market strategies to pursue technology-driven growth opportunities worldwide. Founded in 2001 by Charles (Chase) Coleman, the firm invests in leading global companies across various industries, with a particular emphasis on technology-enabled growth. In public markets it employs long/short and growth strategies, while in private markets it targets opportunities from early to late stage. The firm operates globally, including the United States, China, India, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, and works with portfolio companies across their lifecycle to drive long-term value.

Founded in 2006, Felicis is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. It focuses on early-stage investments across various sectors, including AI, health, and security, backing founders building iconic companies.

Founded in 1911, Bessemer Venture Partners is a venture capital firm based in Redwood City, California. With over $4 billion under management, the firm invests globally across various sectors including artificial intelligence & machine learning, biotech, cloud, consumer, cybersecurity, deep tech, developer, fintech, healthcare, marketplaces, and vertical software. Known for its long-standing support of entrepreneurs, Bessemer has backed companies such as Pinterest, Shopify, Twilio, Yelp, and Linkedin.

Index Ventures is a venture capital firm headquartered in London with offices in San Francisco and Geneva, focused on backing technology-driven startups across Europe, North America, and beyond. The firm specializes in high technology and life sciences, and invests across early and growth stages in sectors such as artificial intelligence, software, data, fintech, healthcare, media, mobility, open source, and security. Since its founding in 1996, Index Ventures has partnered with ambitious entrepreneurs to turn bold ideas into global businesses, providing strategic guidance and capital to help companies scale. Notable portfolio companies include Adyen, Deliveroo, Dropbox, Farfetch, King, Slack, and Supercell, reflecting the firm’s track record of supporting market-changing technology companies.

Established in 1995, Foundation Capital is a venture capital firm committed to backing entrepreneurs with transformative ideas. Led by former entrepreneurs, the firm invests across various sectors including consumer, information technology, software, digital energy, fintech, and marketing technology. Notable investments include LendingClub, Sunrun, Netflix, and over 60 high-growth ventures.

Founded in 2000, Lux Capital is a venture capital firm based in New York and Silicon Valley. It manages over $5 billion in assets, focusing on seed to growth investments at the intersection of technology and sciences. Lux actively supports entrepreneurs building successful businesses in high-growth sectors such as biochemistry, material science, electronics, infrastructure, aerospace, genomics, synthetic biology, and robotics.

Menlo Ventures is a California-based venture capital firm founded in 1976 that provides capital to consumer and technology companies across the United States. It funds seed through growth-stage ventures in sectors including computer hardware, software, big data, fintech, and healthcare, as well as related areas such as life sciences technology and smart cloud infrastructure. Based in San Francisco, the firm pursues a market-driven approach to identify opportunities and supports portfolio companies through multiple stages of development. Menlo Ventures emphasizes backing capital-efficient businesses with potential to disrupt large markets and maintains an active role in the companies it supports, alongside a track record of notable investments in diverse technology and consumer sectors. The firm seeks opportunities in early and growth-stage companies across the technology spectrum and strives to partner with teams delivering innovative products and services.

Founded in 2005, True Ventures is a Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm investing in early-stage technology startups. With over $3 billion under management, they focus on seed and Series A financing across sectors like commerce, consumer, hardware, health, and infrastructure technologies.

Mayfield Fund is a California-based venture capital firm founded in 1969 and headquartered in Menlo Park, with an additional office in Mumbai. It focuses on early-stage to growth investments in technology companies across sectors including enterprise software, data infrastructure, semiconductors, communications, artificial intelligence, consumer technology, health and wellness, energy tech, and related services. The firm pursues global opportunities, with emphasis on California—especially the San Francisco and San Jose area—and cross-border investments in Europe, India and China, including companies with substantial operations in India or China. Typical investments range from about $1 million to $15 million, with follow-on rounds and the potential for debt investments around $1 million. Mayfield often leads rounds or co-invests with other investors and helps assemble syndicates to support portfolio companies.

Bain Capital is a Boston-based multi-asset alternative investment firm that sources, funds, and manages investments across private equity, venture capital, credit, and public equity. Founded in 1984, it operates globally with specialized units focused on growth and buyout investments, life sciences, and impact-oriented opportunities. The firm backs companies across sectors including healthcare and life sciences, technology, software and data services, financial services, consumer, manufacturing, and industrials, spanning from early-stage ventures to growth equity and large-scale acquisitions. It emphasizes value creation through strategic support and partnerships, leveraging deep operating experience and a global network. Its life sciences arm targets pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and diagnostic companies; the Double Impact unit pursues market-rate returns alongside measurable social and environmental benefits; Bain Capital Ventures backs technology-enabled businesses from seed to growth across enterprise software, infrastructure, and services. The firm maintains offices in Boston and major markets worldwide, aiming to deliver competitive returns while supporting innovation and economic development.

Founded in 2014, Gaingels is a venture investment syndicate dedicated to supporting the LGBT+ community. It invests globally in companies led by LGBT+ founders or C-suite executives at all stages of growth, focusing on inclusivity and positive social change.

Goldman Sachs is a global financial services firm that provides investment banking, securities, and investment management services to corporations, governments, financial institutions, and high-net-worth individuals. It advises on mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, and other corporate actions; underwrites public offerings and debt; and helps clients raise capital through various markets. The firm engages in market making and client execution across fixed income, currencies, commodities, and equities, and offers securities services including financing and lending to institutional clients. Its asset management and wealth advisory businesses manage assets and provide investment solutions for a broad client base, including institutions and individuals. Headquartered in New York, the company serves clients worldwide and operates across multiple business lines to support capital formation, risk management, and investment activities.

Founded in New York in 2010 by Craig Shapiro, Collaborative Fund is an investment firm focused on creative fields within technology and media. It invests based on the growth of the creative class and collaborative consumption.

Upfront Ventures is a California-based early-stage venture capital firm focused on seed and Series A rounds for technology-led startups. Founded in 1996 and headquartered in Santa Monica with an additional office in Los Angeles, the firm backs companies across software, SaaS, fintech, health tech, AI, consumer internet, gaming, hardware, and related sectors. It pursues opportunities primarily in North America with a concentration in Southern California and also considers investments in Europe and other regions. Typical checks range from 0.5 million to 15 million in seed rounds and 2 million to 5 million in Series A rounds, reserving capital for follow-ons and often taking a board seat in portfolio companies. Upfront has supported notable founders and startups across technology sectors, including Ring, TrueCar, Bird, Maker Studios, GOAT, Apeel Sciences, thredUP, Invoca, and Kyriba, reflecting a long-term partner approach to building scalable businesses.

Founded in 1987, Canaan Partners is a global venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. With over $5 billion under management, the firm invests in early-stage technology and healthcare companies worldwide.

8VC is a technology and life sciences investment firm that partners with founders to develop transformational technologies and create long-term value. Its activities span sectors such as healthcare, logistics, software, energy, manufacturing, enterprise IT, and life sciences, with a focus on supporting early-stage and growth opportunities in the United States and beyond.

Battery Ventures is a technology-focused investment firm founded in 1983 and based in Boston, Massachusetts. It engages in venture capital and private equity investments in technology companies, with emphasis on software (including application and infrastructure software), IT infrastructure technologies, consumer internet and mobile services, industrial technologies, and life science tools. The firm seeks to back category-defining businesses with potential for scalable growth, often supporting companies through multiple stages and across select global regions.

Founded in 1983, Silicon Valley Bank specializes in providing diversified financial services to emerging growth and mature companies in the technology, life science, private equity, and premium wine markets. With a global presence through offices in the U.S. and international operations, SVB offers industry knowledge, financing solutions, treasury management, corporate investment, and international banking services.

Founded in 2006, Greycroft is a venture capital firm based in New York and Los Angeles. With over $1 billion under management, it focuses on early-stage investments in consumer internet, financial technology, healthcare, and enterprise software sectors across the United States. The firm leverages its extensive network of media and technology industry connections to help entrepreneurs gain visibility, build strategic relationships, and bring products to market.

IndieBio is an accelerator that supports startups using biology to solve major problems, delivering four-month programs for companies and teams with ideas. Based in San Francisco with an office in New York, it focuses on life sciences, biotechnology and synthetic biology, investing in seed and early-stage ventures that place biology at the core of their technology across products, processes and software. The program favors teams with two or more co-founders and generally provides equity-based funding in the early stages, often combining direct investments with additional financing options. Founded in 2014, IndieBio operates within the SOSV accelerator network, a global platform that supports portfolio companies through mentorship, resources and cross-border programs.

Venrock is a Palo Alto-based venture capital firm founded in 1969 as the venture capital arm of the Rockefeller family. It concentrates on seed and early-stage investments in technology and healthcare, with interests spanning information technology, life sciences and related sectors in the United States. The firm has supported a broad portfolio of companies, including Apple, Intel, Illumina, DoubleClick, Athenahealth, Gilead Sciences, Nest, SlideShare and Tudou. Venrock emphasizes long-term partnerships with entrepreneurs, combining hands-on venture support with rigorous data analysis to help startups grow into enduring companies.

Founded in 2019, Uncorrelated Ventures is a venture capital firm based in San Francisco. It focuses on investing in early-stage infrastructure software companies.

Founded in 2012, Initialized Capital is a San Francisco-based early-stage venture capital firm focused on technology sectors. With over $3 billion under management across five funds since inception, the firm invests primarily at seed stage and has helped create over $200 billion in market value among its portfolio companies.