Pappas Capital

Enlaza Therapeutics is a biotechnology research company founded in 2020 and based in La Jolla, California. The company focuses on developing novel protein therapeutics aimed at providing more effective and safer treatment options for patients. Utilizing advanced synthetic biology technology, Enlaza's platform enables site-specific covalent coupling driven by drug binding. This innovative approach allows for the creation of first-in-class covalent biologics, which are designed to offer enhanced efficacy and improved safety profiles compared to existing treatments.

Veralox Therapeutics develops small molecule therapeutics that treat the underlying pathologies of thrombosis and type one diabetes. Based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these diseases, these efforts will lead to new treatment paradigms and better outcomes for patients.

Vflow Tech is a Singapore-based company that specializes in the manufacturing of modular vanadium redox flow batteries. These batteries are designed for large-scale energy storage applications, catering primarily to the utility and renewable energy sectors. Vflow Tech's innovative approach incorporates industry-focused research and user feedback to create safe, long-lasting, and cost-effective energy storage solutions. The modular design of their batteries allows for scalability, making them suitable for a range of applications from households and micro-grids to grid-level storage. The company emphasizes the reliability and environmental friendliness of its products, offering clients a sustainable energy storage option that maintains consistent performance without degradation over time.

Aktis Oncology is a biotechnology company pioneering the discovery and development of a new class of targeted radiopharmaceuticals to treat a broad range of solid tumor cancers. Founded and incubated by MPM Capital, the company has developed proprietary platforms to generate tumor-targeting agents with ideal properties for alpha radiotherapy. Designed for high tumor penetration and long residence time, Aktis Oncology's molecules will quickly clear other areas of the body, thereby maximizing tumor elimination while minimizing the side effects of treatment. This approach would also enable clinicians to visualize and verify target engagement prior to exposure to therapeutic radioisotopes.

NuProbe, Inc. is a genomics and molecular diagnostics company that focuses on noninvasive nucleic acid profiling and diagnostics. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with an additional office in Shanghai, China, NuProbe has developed a platform that utilizes genetic toehold probes for quantitative PCR mutation detection. The company's innovative technology offers a Sample-In Answer-Out (SIAO) solution, which seamlessly integrates cell-free DNA extraction, qPCR analysis, sequencing, and bioinformatic interpretation. This precision diagnostic technology is designed to facilitate the early detection of cancer and infectious diseases by accurately capturing disease signatures with high sensitivity and multiplexing capability, allowing healthcare professionals to initiate timely interventions for patients.

Yueer is a genomics company driven by technology, with a number of revolutionary molecular detection technologies that can reduce the sequencing cost of all NGS platforms and the sensitivity of qPCR, Sanger, and nanopore sequencing. Yueer Gene collaborates with many partners to develop affordable, timely, and accurate genetic analysis tools in order to achieve precision medicine and improve patient outcomes.

Horizon Quantum Computing is pioneering classical to quantum programming: the automatic construction of quantum algorithms from conventional languages such as Matlab, Python or C. Spanning the entire chain from algorithm generation to hardware-specific implementation, its programming tools will allow users to develop quantum-accelerated applications whatever their expertise. Horizon Quantum Computing was founded in 2018 by Dr Joe Fitzsimons, a former professor and principal investigator at the Centre for Quantum Technologies in Singapore. The leadership team also includes Dr Si-Hui Tan, an active researcher in the field of quantum information science with over 15 years experience.

Plexium, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in San Diego, California, that specializes in developing targeted protein degradation therapies aimed at treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Founded in 2017, Plexium utilizes a platform that identifies small molecules capable of modulating E3 ligases, which play a crucial role in protein degradation. This platform includes the DELPhe screening technology, designed for high-content readouts from cell-based assays. By harnessing E3 ligases, Plexium's approach enables selective targeting of various cancers, including small cell lung and breast tumors. The company's innovative research extends beyond existing therapies, exploring new drug-like protein degraders and molecular glues to enhance treatment options for cancer and inflammatory diseases.

AvengeBio is a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, focused on developing cell-generated immunotherapies aimed at eradicating solid tumors. Founded in 2019, the company is advancing a drug delivery platform designed to enable the precision delivery of cytokines and other potent immunomodulatory molecules. This innovative approach allows for controlled release over time, fostering robust local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses while minimizing the toxicities typically associated with conventional immunotherapies. Through its research and development efforts, AvengeBio seeks to address the challenges posed by intractable solid tumors and improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.

BioAtla, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, focused on developing specific and selective antibody-based therapeutics for various cancers. The company employs a proprietary platform to create conditionally active biologics (CABs), which enhance targeting of cancerous tissues while minimizing effects on normal cells, thereby improving safety and efficacy. BioAtla's lead product candidate, BA3011, is a conditionally active biologic designed to treat soft tissue and bone sarcomas, non-small cell lung cancer, and other tumors. The company is also advancing BA3021, targeting non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma, and BA3071, aimed at multiple cancer types including renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. With over 150 patents and applications, BioAtla's innovative approach expands the potential for treating previously untreatable cancers and enhances the manufacturability of its drug candidates.

Reneo Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, that focuses on developing therapies for patients with rare genetic mitochondrial diseases. These conditions are linked to defects in energy metabolism, leading to issues such as muscle weakness and wasting. The company is developing REN001, an oral drug designed to modulate genes involved in mitochondrial function, aiming to enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which is essential for cellular energy. By improving mitochondrial activity, Reneo seeks to enhance the daily functioning and quality of life for patients suffering from these disorders. Founded in 2014, Reneo Pharmaceuticals is committed to addressing the needs of individuals with orphan metabolic diseases.

Cyclerion Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing treatments for serious and orphan diseases. The company specializes in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pharmacology to realize the therapeutic potential of next-generation sGC stimulators. Its product pipeline includes Olinciguat, an oral sGC stimulator currently in Phase II trials for sickle cell disease; Praliciguat, also an oral sGC stimulator in Phase II for diabetic nephropathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and IW-6463, which is in Phase I trials for neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, Cyclerion is engaged in the discovery of liver-targeted and lung-targeted sGC stimulators. Founded in 2018, the company is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

BioAtla, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, focused on developing specific and selective antibody-based therapeutics for various cancers. The company employs a proprietary platform to create conditionally active biologics (CABs), which enhance targeting of cancerous tissues while minimizing effects on normal cells, thereby improving safety and efficacy. BioAtla's lead product candidate, BA3011, is a conditionally active biologic designed to treat soft tissue and bone sarcomas, non-small cell lung cancer, and other tumors. The company is also advancing BA3021, targeting non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma, and BA3071, aimed at multiple cancer types including renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. With over 150 patents and applications, BioAtla's innovative approach expands the potential for treating previously untreatable cancers and enhances the manufacturability of its drug candidates.

VelosBio, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, focused on developing innovative antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat various forms of cancer, including hematological cancers and solid tumors. The company's primary area of research centers on targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), a cell-surface protein found in numerous tumors but absent in normal tissues, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. VelosBio's lead product, VLS-101, is a ROR1-directed ADC that has shown positive preclinical results and aims to provide new treatment options for patients. Founded in 2017, VelosBio operates under the umbrella of Merck & Co., Inc. as of December 2020, focusing on developing targeted therapies that can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments across a wide range of cancer types.

4D Molecular Therapeutics is a clinical-stage gene therapy company based in Emeryville, California, that specializes in developing innovative gene therapy products to address unmet medical needs. The company utilizes targeted and evolved adeno-associated virus vectors to create a diverse portfolio of product candidates focused on ophthalmology, cardiology, and pulmonology. Among its key projects are 4D-125, currently in a Phase I/II clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa; 4D-110, in a Phase I clinical trial for choroideremia; and 4D-310, also in a Phase I/II trial for Fabry disease. Additionally, 4D Molecular Therapeutics is advancing investigational new drug candidates such as 4D-150 for wet age-related macular degeneration and 4D-710 for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Founded in 2013, the company is dedicated to transforming the treatment landscape in these therapeutic areas.

Amplyx Pharmaceuticals is a pre-clinical stage company focusing on the development of small molecule drugs with enhanced efficacy and lower toxicity. Amplyx employs a platform approach to improve small molecule drugs by the addition of a second small molecule to an existing drug. The company develops innovative therapies for debilitating and life-threatening diseases that affect people with compromised immune systems. Amplyx Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in San Diego, California.

Allievex Corporation is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Marblehead, Massachusetts, focused on developing and commercializing innovative therapeutics for rare pediatric neurodegenerative diseases. Founded in 2018, the company is advancing an investigational enzyme replacement therapy known as tralesinidase alfa, which combines recombinant human alpha-N-acetyglucosaminidase with a peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor 2. This therapy aims to provide treatment options for children suffering from Sanfilippo syndrome type B and mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, both of which are severe conditions that significantly impact neurological function.

Reneo Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, that focuses on developing therapies for patients with rare genetic mitochondrial diseases. These conditions are linked to defects in energy metabolism, leading to issues such as muscle weakness and wasting. The company is developing REN001, an oral drug designed to modulate genes involved in mitochondrial function, aiming to enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which is essential for cellular energy. By improving mitochondrial activity, Reneo seeks to enhance the daily functioning and quality of life for patients suffering from these disorders. Founded in 2014, Reneo Pharmaceuticals is committed to addressing the needs of individuals with orphan metabolic diseases.

Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Montréal, Canada, focused on developing and commercializing etripamil for various cardiovascular conditions. Etripamil is a novel short-acting calcium channel blocker designed to be administered as a rapid-onset nasal spray, specifically targeting the termination of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The company is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials for etripamil in the treatment of PSVT and is also exploring its potential applications for atrial fibrillation, angina, and other related cardiovascular disorders. Founded in 2003, Milestone Pharmaceuticals aims to address unmet medical needs in cardiovascular disease management through innovative therapeutic solutions.

CuraSen Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company that develops orphan drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

VelosBio, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, focused on developing innovative antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat various forms of cancer, including hematological cancers and solid tumors. The company's primary area of research centers on targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), a cell-surface protein found in numerous tumors but absent in normal tissues, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. VelosBio's lead product, VLS-101, is a ROR1-directed ADC that has shown positive preclinical results and aims to provide new treatment options for patients. Founded in 2017, VelosBio operates under the umbrella of Merck & Co., Inc. as of December 2020, focusing on developing targeted therapies that can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments across a wide range of cancer types.

4D Molecular Therapeutics is a clinical-stage gene therapy company based in Emeryville, California, that specializes in developing innovative gene therapy products to address unmet medical needs. The company utilizes targeted and evolved adeno-associated virus vectors to create a diverse portfolio of product candidates focused on ophthalmology, cardiology, and pulmonology. Among its key projects are 4D-125, currently in a Phase I/II clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa; 4D-110, in a Phase I clinical trial for choroideremia; and 4D-310, also in a Phase I/II trial for Fabry disease. Additionally, 4D Molecular Therapeutics is advancing investigational new drug candidates such as 4D-150 for wet age-related macular degeneration and 4D-710 for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Founded in 2013, the company is dedicated to transforming the treatment landscape in these therapeutic areas.

Amplyx Pharmaceuticals is a pre-clinical stage company focusing on the development of small molecule drugs with enhanced efficacy and lower toxicity. Amplyx employs a platform approach to improve small molecule drugs by the addition of a second small molecule to an existing drug. The company develops innovative therapies for debilitating and life-threatening diseases that affect people with compromised immune systems. Amplyx Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in San Diego, California.

Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Montréal, Canada, focused on developing and commercializing etripamil for various cardiovascular conditions. Etripamil is a novel short-acting calcium channel blocker designed to be administered as a rapid-onset nasal spray, specifically targeting the termination of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The company is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials for etripamil in the treatment of PSVT and is also exploring its potential applications for atrial fibrillation, angina, and other related cardiovascular disorders. Founded in 2003, Milestone Pharmaceuticals aims to address unmet medical needs in cardiovascular disease management through innovative therapeutic solutions.

Kezar Life Sciences, Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company specializing in the discovery and development of small molecule therapeutics aimed at addressing unmet medical needs in autoimmunity and cancer. The company's lead candidate, KZR-616, is a selective immunoproteasome inhibitor currently undergoing Phase 2 clinical trials for various autoimmune conditions, including lupus nephritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, as well as Phase 1b/2 trials in systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to KZR-616, the company is developing KZR-TBD, which targets both oncology and autoimmune disorders. Founded in 2015 and based in South San Francisco, California, Kezar Life Sciences leverages insights from protein homeostasis to advance its drug discovery efforts.

OrphoMed, Inc. is a San Francisco-based pharmaceutical company that specializes in developing innovative therapies for conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), acute and chronic pain, and cystic fibrosis. The company utilizes its proprietary DIMERx™ platform technology to create novel therapeutic dimer conjugates that address visceral hypersensitivity and pancreatitis, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders and pain management. Its lead candidate, ORP-101, is designed as a peripherally acting sodium ion channel blocker that offers potential benefits without the abuse potential associated with traditional opioids. ORP-101 is positioned for two distinct indications: an oral form targeting colonic hyperalgesia and gastric dysmotility in IBS-D, and a parenteral form for treating peripheral neuropathic pain. OrphoMed is also developing additional non-opioid and opioid conjugates aimed at treating acute and chronic pain, with a focus on safety and reduced dependence risk. The components of these conjugates are based on previously validated compounds, which helps to lower developmental risks while providing new treatment options for patients.

Boragen Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Durham, North Carolina, founded in 2015. The company specializes in developing multi-functional small molecule boron solutions for applications in crop protection, animal health, and human health. Boragen's product pipeline includes BAG8, a boron-based multisite fungicide aimed at crop protection, and BN2266, a fungicide that targets mRNA processing. Additionally, the company is working on a dual-function nematicide-fungicide for root protection and endo-parasiticides designed to overcome resistance. Boragen's innovative synthetic chemistry platform focuses on creating next-generation fungicides that support sustainable farming by minimizing the risk of fungicide resistance and reducing chemical usage while ensuring efficacy and performance.

Evidation Health, Inc. specializes in developing digital tools and technologies for healthcare data analytics. The company connects digital health firms with healthcare providers and payers through its advanced platform, which transforms everyday behavior data from various sources, including sensors and devices, into actionable insights regarding health and disease. Its products include a Data Platform that analyzes this high-frequency behavior data and a technology-enabled service called Studies, which facilitates real-world research to support clinical and commercial efforts. By focusing on the interplay between everyday behaviors and health outcomes, Evidation aims to empower individuals and healthcare companies to improve health management outside traditional clinical settings. Founded in 2012 and headquartered in San Mateo, California, the company also operates additional offices in San Francisco and Santa Barbara.

Rotation Medical Inc. is a medical device company based in Plymouth, Minnesota, specializing in the development of a minimally invasive rotator cuff implant system designed for the treatment of rotator cuff diseases. The company's primary product is a collagen scaffold that is affixed to the affected rotator cuff tendon, aimed at managing tendon injuries and providing protection for both small and larger rotator cuff tears. Founded in 2009 and initially known as Denali Medical Inc., the company rebranded to Rotation Medical in March 2010. As of December 2017, Rotation Medical operates as a subsidiary of Smith & Nephew plc.

Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Montréal, Canada, focused on developing and commercializing etripamil for various cardiovascular conditions. Etripamil is a novel short-acting calcium channel blocker designed to be administered as a rapid-onset nasal spray, specifically targeting the termination of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The company is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials for etripamil in the treatment of PSVT and is also exploring its potential applications for atrial fibrillation, angina, and other related cardiovascular disorders. Founded in 2003, Milestone Pharmaceuticals aims to address unmet medical needs in cardiovascular disease management through innovative therapeutic solutions.

Thrasos is a bio-therapeutics company focused on the discovery and development of targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of severe organ failure, with a principle focus on kidney disease. The Company's lead therapeutic program, THR-184, is focused on the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI). The Company also has a preclinical development program for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Balance Therapeutics is an R&D company focused on developing therapeutics to address conditions of intellectual disability. Balance's pharmacological approach, based on technology licensed from Stanford University has demonstrated the promising potential to address cognitive deficits in animal models of Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical trials for the company’s lead product are currently in progress for Down Syndrome. Balance Therapeutics is located in San Bruno, California, and has a wholly-owned subsidiary in Melbourne, Australia.

Aura Biosciences is a biotechnology company that focuses on the development of drugs by using tumor-targeted pseudovirions. The company is applying nanotechnology to help fight cancer in the well-studied area of chemotherapeutics and the emerging field of RNAi. By safely eliminating cancer locally, they can treat early and transform the lives of people with a wide range of cancers that are poorly managed today. The company's goal is to treat small ocular melanomas potentially long before the disease progresses and metastasizes to the liver, where it almost always is fatal. Aura Biosciences was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on therapies for central nervous system disorders. The company develops COL-144, a neurally acting anti-migraine agent, which is designed to treat migraine; and COL-204, a conjugated stigmine platform that produces novel chemical entities for therapy of sleep/wake disorders, chronic pain, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. CoLucid Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2005 and is based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Rotation Medical Inc. is a medical device company based in Plymouth, Minnesota, specializing in the development of a minimally invasive rotator cuff implant system designed for the treatment of rotator cuff diseases. The company's primary product is a collagen scaffold that is affixed to the affected rotator cuff tendon, aimed at managing tendon injuries and providing protection for both small and larger rotator cuff tears. Founded in 2009 and initially known as Denali Medical Inc., the company rebranded to Rotation Medical in March 2010. As of December 2017, Rotation Medical operates as a subsidiary of Smith & Nephew plc.

Lumena Pharmaceuticals is focused on developing oral therapeutics for rare liver diseases, aiming to enhance liver function and alleviate disease symptoms. The company's clinical-stage product candidates are designed to selectively target intestinal transporters, minimizing systemic toxicity and absorption in the body. Their lead candidate, LUM001, has undergone extensive evaluation through 12 clinical studies involving over 1,400 subjects, positioning it for rapid advancement in treating cholestatic liver disease in both pediatric and adult patients. In addition to its primary goal of addressing rare liver diseases, Lumena's innovative therapeutic approach shows promise for treating metabolic liver diseases, a significant and rising health concern affecting both children and adults.

Envisia Therapeutics Inc. is a company focused on discovering and developing innovative therapies for ophthalmic medical needs. Founded in 2013 and based in Durham, North Carolina, the company utilizes its proprietary Particle Replication In Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) technology to create a range of particle-based therapies. Envisia is particularly known for its lead product, ENV515, a prostaglandin analogue designed to deliver sustained intraocular pressure reduction for extended periods. In addition to this, the company is developing glaucoma drug therapies that leverage PRINT particle therapeutics to improve drug delivery and efficacy while addressing common barriers faced by existing ocular treatments. As the demand for more effective ocular therapeutics continues to grow, Envisia aims to enhance patient outcomes and convenience in the management of ocular diseases.

Lumena Pharmaceuticals is focused on developing oral therapeutics for rare liver diseases, aiming to enhance liver function and alleviate disease symptoms. The company's clinical-stage product candidates are designed to selectively target intestinal transporters, minimizing systemic toxicity and absorption in the body. Their lead candidate, LUM001, has undergone extensive evaluation through 12 clinical studies involving over 1,400 subjects, positioning it for rapid advancement in treating cholestatic liver disease in both pediatric and adult patients. In addition to its primary goal of addressing rare liver diseases, Lumena's innovative therapeutic approach shows promise for treating metabolic liver diseases, a significant and rising health concern affecting both children and adults.

Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical develops therapeutics for rare diseases, sometimes referred to as Orphan products. Ultragenyx is a efficient and effective development strategies are essential for success in the rare disease space, in which information may be incomplete or ambiguous, and few development precedents exist. The management team's experience in selecting and developing products with clear mechanisms of action for untreated rare diseases will help Ultragenyx create life-changing therapeutics by leveraging existing yet undeveloped science for these little-known indications.

Thrasos is a bio-therapeutics company focused on the discovery and development of targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of severe organ failure, with a principle focus on kidney disease. The Company's lead therapeutic program, THR-184, is focused on the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI). The Company also has a preclinical development program for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD).

IlluminOss Medical, Inc. is a commercial-stage medical device company that specializes in minimally invasive technology for fracture repair and stabilization. The company has developed a unique system that uses a light-curable polymer within an expandable balloon to create a patient-conforming intramedullary implant, facilitating effective bone stabilization. This innovative approach is particularly beneficial for patients with osteoporotic or compromised bone, providing a tailored solution for orthopedic challenges. The IlluminOss system is CE-marked and FDA-cleared for various anatomical sites, with additional indications under review. By focusing on the design and marketing of orthopedic fracture repair products, IlluminOss aims to offer clinicians a rapid and customized method for stabilizing bone fractures.

CardioDx, Inc. is a molecular diagnostics company based in Redwood City, California, focused on developing genomic tests for cardiovascular diseases. Founded in 2003, the company specializes in assessing conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. One of its key products is the Corus CAD test, a blood test designed to assist healthcare providers in determining whether a non-diabetic patient's chest discomfort or other symptoms are indicative of obstructive CAD. By leveraging genomic technologies, CardioDx aims to deliver critical information that enhances treatment decisions and improves patient outcomes while also addressing the overall cost of care in the United States.

CeNeRx BioPharma, Inc., a drug development company, engages in identifying, developing, and commercializing therapeutics to treat diseases related to neurotransmitters and the nervous system. The company's product pipeline includes Tyrima, CX2614, and CX009, which are reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase- A that are used for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and somatic disorders. It focuses on developing therapeutics to treat diseases related to neurotransmitters, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, dementia, depression, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The company was founded in 2005 and is based in Cary, North Carolina.

CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on therapies for central nervous system disorders. The company develops COL-144, a neurally acting anti-migraine agent, which is designed to treat migraine; and COL-204, a conjugated stigmine platform that produces novel chemical entities for therapy of sleep/wake disorders, chronic pain, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. CoLucid Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2005 and is based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Founded in 2010, TESARO is a privately held oncology-focused biopharmaceutical company dedicated to improving the lives of cancer patients. The Company intends to leverage the experience and competencies of its management team to identify, acquire and develop promising drug candidates; and to commercialize safer and more effective products for the treatment and support of cancer patients. TESARO is developing rolapitant, a potent, selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist that has completed Phase 2 clinical testing for the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, and is advancing its ALK inhibitor program for oncology indications. Phase 3 clinical testing of rolapitant is planned to commence during 2011 and the first ALK inhibitor clinical trial is targeted to begin in 2012. TESARO was co-founded by former executives of MGI PHARMA, an oncology and acute-care focused biopharmaceutical company that Eisai Co., Ltd. acquired in 2008 for $3.9 billion. TESARO is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.

Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical develops therapeutics for rare diseases, sometimes referred to as Orphan products. Ultragenyx is a efficient and effective development strategies are essential for success in the rare disease space, in which information may be incomplete or ambiguous, and few development precedents exist. The management team's experience in selecting and developing products with clear mechanisms of action for untreated rare diseases will help Ultragenyx create life-changing therapeutics by leveraging existing yet undeveloped science for these little-known indications.

Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Montréal, Canada, focused on developing and commercializing etripamil for various cardiovascular conditions. Etripamil is a novel short-acting calcium channel blocker designed to be administered as a rapid-onset nasal spray, specifically targeting the termination of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The company is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials for etripamil in the treatment of PSVT and is also exploring its potential applications for atrial fibrillation, angina, and other related cardiovascular disorders. Founded in 2003, Milestone Pharmaceuticals aims to address unmet medical needs in cardiovascular disease management through innovative therapeutic solutions.

CardioDx, Inc. is a molecular diagnostics company based in Redwood City, California, focused on developing genomic tests for cardiovascular diseases. Founded in 2003, the company specializes in assessing conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. One of its key products is the Corus CAD test, a blood test designed to assist healthcare providers in determining whether a non-diabetic patient's chest discomfort or other symptoms are indicative of obstructive CAD. By leveraging genomic technologies, CardioDx aims to deliver critical information that enhances treatment decisions and improves patient outcomes while also addressing the overall cost of care in the United States.

Chimerix, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in Durham, North Carolina, focused on developing innovative medicines for patients with serious diseases, particularly cancer and viral infections. The company is advancing several clinical-stage programs, including dociparstat sodium, a potential treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, and brincidofovir, an antiviral candidate being developed as a medical countermeasure against smallpox. Chimerix's lead antiviral candidate, CMX001, is aimed at treating life-threatening double-stranded DNA viral diseases and has shown promising results in various clinical studies involving immunocompromised patients. Additionally, the company is developing CMX157, a nucleoside analogue with activity against HIV and hepatitis B, which has completed Phase 1 trials. Chimerix has established partnerships with organizations such as the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and SymBio Pharmaceuticals to further its research and commercialization efforts. The company generates revenue through license agreements, including upfront fees, royalties, and milestone payments.

Achillion Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, focused on discovering and developing small molecule drug therapies for immune system disorders. The company's lead candidate, ACH-4471, is a factor D inhibitor currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and C3 glomerulopathy. Additionally, Achillion is developing two other factor D inhibitors, ACH-5228 and ACH-5548, both in Phase I clinical trials for PNH and other complement-mediated diseases. The company also has licensing agreements with Ora, Inc. for the development of ACH-702, and with GCA Therapeutics, Ltd. for elvucitabine, a treatment for hepatitis B and HIV. Founded in 1998, Achillion aims to advance its portfolio of therapies targeting the complement system, which plays a crucial role in various immune-related conditions.

CeNeRx BioPharma, Inc., a drug development company, engages in identifying, developing, and commercializing therapeutics to treat diseases related to neurotransmitters and the nervous system. The company's product pipeline includes Tyrima, CX2614, and CX009, which are reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase- A that are used for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and somatic disorders. It focuses on developing therapeutics to treat diseases related to neurotransmitters, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, dementia, depression, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The company was founded in 2005 and is based in Cary, North Carolina.

Liquidia Technologies is a clinical biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing and commercializing therapeutics that address unmet patient needs, primarily through its proprietary PRINT technology. This particle engineering platform allows for the precise production of uniform drug particles, enhancing the safety and efficacy of various treatments. The company is currently advancing two key product candidates: LIQ861, aimed at treating pulmonary arterial hypertension, and LIQ865, designed for managing local post-operative pain. In addition to its internal pipeline, Liquidia collaborates with leading pharmaceutical companies to leverage its PRINT technology across diverse therapeutic areas and drug types. One of its marketed products is YUTREPIA, an inhalation powder for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.

CardioDx, Inc. is a molecular diagnostics company based in Redwood City, California, focused on developing genomic tests for cardiovascular diseases. Founded in 2003, the company specializes in assessing conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. One of its key products is the Corus CAD test, a blood test designed to assist healthcare providers in determining whether a non-diabetic patient's chest discomfort or other symptoms are indicative of obstructive CAD. By leveraging genomic technologies, CardioDx aims to deliver critical information that enhances treatment decisions and improves patient outcomes while also addressing the overall cost of care in the United States.

Syndax Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Waltham, Massachusetts, focused on developing therapies for cancer treatment. The company's lead product, entinostat, is a class I HDAC inhibitor currently in Phase III clinical trials for advanced hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer. Additionally, entinostat is being tested in combination with Keytruda and Tecentriq in Phase Ib/II trials for non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer. Another significant candidate, SNDX-5613, is a selective inhibitor targeting the Menin-MLL interaction, undergoing Phase I/II trials for acute leukemias. The company is also developing SNDX-6352, a monoclonal antibody for chronic graft versus host disease, currently in Phase I/II trials. Syndax has established collaborations with major pharmaceutical companies and research organizations, enhancing its research and development capabilities. Founded in 2005, Syndax Pharmaceuticals aims to address critical needs in oncology through innovative therapeutic approaches.

Liquidia Technologies is a clinical biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing and commercializing therapeutics that address unmet patient needs, primarily through its proprietary PRINT technology. This particle engineering platform allows for the precise production of uniform drug particles, enhancing the safety and efficacy of various treatments. The company is currently advancing two key product candidates: LIQ861, aimed at treating pulmonary arterial hypertension, and LIQ865, designed for managing local post-operative pain. In addition to its internal pipeline, Liquidia collaborates with leading pharmaceutical companies to leverage its PRINT technology across diverse therapeutic areas and drug types. One of its marketed products is YUTREPIA, an inhalation powder for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Afferent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in San Mateo, California, founded in 2009. The company focuses on developing small molecule drugs aimed at treating chronic pain and various neurogenic disorders by targeting P2X3 receptors in nerve fibers. Its lead compound, AF-219, has completed two Phase 1 clinical studies and is designed to address conditions such as osteoarthritis, back pain, visceral pain, and neuropathy, as well as respiratory and urological issues.

BaroSense is committed to develop and commercialize novel anti-obesity products that provide a meaningful contribution to this leading healthcare problem facing the United States today. BaroSense was conceived in order to create a safe, simple, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the surgical treatment of obesity - an innovative approach to assist those people who need help beyond traditional diets, and who wish to avoid extensive, irreversible surgery.

BioSyntech, Inc. develops biotherapeutic thermogels designed for tissue repair and delivery of therapeutic agents. Its technology platform is BST-Gel, a family of hydrogels based on chitosan, a natural biopolymer derived from crustacean shells. The company’s lead products in clinical trials include BSTCarGel for cartilage repair; BST-DermOn for wound healing; and BST-InPod for the treatment of chronic pain due to plantar fat pad atrophy in the heel and forefoot. Biosyntech has a collaboration with Nicholas Piramal India, Ltd. to involve in the clinical studies for BST-InPod, which is being developed to alleviate the chronic pain associated with foot fat pads. The company was incorporated in 1994 and is headquartered in Laval, Canada.

Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing and commercializing therapeutics for serious diseases related to inflammation, such as cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders. The company is advancing several product candidates, including Sollpura, a non-porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy currently in Phase III trials for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and Blisibimod, which is in Phase II trials targeting B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases, including IgA nephropathy. Additionally, Anthera has other candidates like varespladib methyl and varespladib sodium, which are in various stages of clinical trials for acute coronary syndrome and sickle cell disease, respectively. Established in 2004, Anthera Pharmaceuticals is headquartered in Hayward, California, and has formed licensing agreements with prominent companies such as Amgen and Eli Lilly to facilitate the development of its therapies.

CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on therapies for central nervous system disorders. The company develops COL-144, a neurally acting anti-migraine agent, which is designed to treat migraine; and COL-204, a conjugated stigmine platform that produces novel chemical entities for therapy of sleep/wake disorders, chronic pain, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. CoLucid Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2005 and is based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

BrainCells develops and provides biopharmaceutical products for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It develops compounds that promote the growth of new neurons for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment resistant depression (TRD), and potentially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The company's products include BCI-838 and BCI-632 which increase synaptic glutamate by inhibiting the mGlu2/3 auto-receptor. The company also builds a pipeline of clinical-stage programs to address unmet medical needs in the treatment of mood disorders, psychoses, cognition, brain repair syndromes, and other CNS disorders. The company was founded in 2003 and is based in San Diego, California.

LEAD Therapeutics, Inc. is a chemistry-driven drug discovery company focused on delivering novel and differentiated small molecule IND candidates against clinically validated therapeutic targets, focused primarily on the treatment of Cancer and infectious diseases.

Optherion, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in New Haven, Connecticut, specializing in the development of diagnostic and disease-modifying therapeutics. Founded in 2005, Optherion focuses on early-stage age-related macular degeneration, dense deposit disease, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and other chronic conditions associated with the alternative complement cascade. The company's innovative products aim to improve the management and treatment of these diseases, particularly addressing both dry and wet forms of age-related macular degeneration.

FlowCardia, Inc. is a medical device company established in 2002, specializing in the design and development of catheter-based technologies aimed at overcoming chronic total occlusions (CTOs) in coronary and peripheral arteries. CTOs present significant challenges in interventional therapy, often resulting in patients being referred for more invasive procedures such as bypass surgery or limb amputation due to the lack of effective recanalization devices. FlowCardia's innovative solutions seek to address this critical gap in treatment options, enhancing the safety and efficacy of procedures for patients with these difficult-to-treat conditions.

TargeGen, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California, that specializes in the discovery and development of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting vascular leakage, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Founded in 2002, TargeGen focuses on creating treatments for various serious medical conditions, including heart attacks, cancer, and eye diseases. The company's products address issues such as vascular leakage, edema, the abnormal growth of new blood vessels, and conditions like pleural effusions, arthritis, pulmonary edema, transplant ischemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, brain inflammation, and hypovolemia. TargeGen also serves specific markets related to macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. The company was acquired in 2010, which has further enhanced its capabilities in addressing critical health challenges.

Gentis is a developer of minimally invasive, biomaterials-based products intended to treat the early-stage degeneration of the spine. The company's patented product is DiscCell, an injectable, in-situ setting, radio-opaque, non-hydrogel polymer material that augments or replaces the diseased nucleus pulposus of the spinal disc. Gentis was founded on 2000 and is headquartered in Wayne, Pennsylvania.

Cequent Pharmaceuticals is an early-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, focused on developing innovative RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics to prevent and treat various human diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. The company utilizes its proprietary TransKingdom RNA interference (tkRNAi) technology, designed to safely and effectively deactivate specific genes associated with diseases using non-pathogenic bacteria to deliver RNAi directly into cells. Currently, Cequent's lead drug candidates, which target colon cancer prevention and inflammatory bowel disease, are in pre-clinical development. Established in 2006, Cequent originated from pioneering research at the Institut Pasteur in Paris and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School. In 2010, the company was acquired by Marina Biotech, Inc.

Athersys, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Cleveland, Ohio, specializing in regenerative medicine. The company focuses on the research and development of therapeutic products aimed at treating various disease indications, including neurological conditions, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and immune disorders, and pulmonary issues. Athersys's primary product, MultiStem cell therapy, is an allogeneic stem cell treatment currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials for ischemic stroke and Phase II trials for acute myocardial infarction. Additionally, it has completed Phase I studies for treating leukemia and other blood-borne cancers. Athersys also explores applications of MultiStem in veterinary medicine for serious health conditions. The company maintains collaborative agreements with Healios K.K. and the University of Minnesota to expand the development and commercialization of its therapies. Revenue is generated through corporate partnerships, licensing agreements, and government grants.

Syndax Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Waltham, Massachusetts, focused on developing therapies for cancer treatment. The company's lead product, entinostat, is a class I HDAC inhibitor currently in Phase III clinical trials for advanced hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer. Additionally, entinostat is being tested in combination with Keytruda and Tecentriq in Phase Ib/II trials for non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer. Another significant candidate, SNDX-5613, is a selective inhibitor targeting the Menin-MLL interaction, undergoing Phase I/II trials for acute leukemias. The company is also developing SNDX-6352, a monoclonal antibody for chronic graft versus host disease, currently in Phase I/II trials. Syndax has established collaborations with major pharmaceutical companies and research organizations, enhancing its research and development capabilities. Founded in 2005, Syndax Pharmaceuticals aims to address critical needs in oncology through innovative therapeutic approaches.

Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing and commercializing therapeutics for serious diseases related to inflammation, such as cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders. The company is advancing several product candidates, including Sollpura, a non-porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy currently in Phase III trials for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and Blisibimod, which is in Phase II trials targeting B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases, including IgA nephropathy. Additionally, Anthera has other candidates like varespladib methyl and varespladib sodium, which are in various stages of clinical trials for acute coronary syndrome and sickle cell disease, respectively. Established in 2004, Anthera Pharmaceuticals is headquartered in Hayward, California, and has formed licensing agreements with prominent companies such as Amgen and Eli Lilly to facilitate the development of its therapies.

LipoScience is pioneering a new field of personalized diagnostics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Its first proprietary diagnostic test, the NMR LipoProfile® test, measures the number of low density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) in a blood sample and provides physicians and their patients with actionable information to personalize management of risk for heart disease. To date, over 8 million NMR LipoProfile tests have been ordered.

Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, focuses on developing and commercializing therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. The company uses its therapeutic BHT-DNA platform to develop a pipeline of treatment candidates for autoimmune diseases. Its products in clinical pipeline include BHT-3021, which is in Phase I/II clinical trial for reducing or eliminating the immune system’s attack on the pancreas; BHT-3009, which completed its Phase II trial for the treatment of multiple sclerosis; and BHT-3034, which is in preclinical studies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. The company was formerly known as Tolerion, Inc. and changed its name to Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc. in November 2002. Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc. was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company, focuses on therapies for central nervous system disorders. The company develops COL-144, a neurally acting anti-migraine agent, which is designed to treat migraine; and COL-204, a conjugated stigmine platform that produces novel chemical entities for therapy of sleep/wake disorders, chronic pain, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. CoLucid Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2005 and is based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Spherics develops proprietary bioadhesive encapsulation technologies to improve the oral absorption of small molecule drugs.

Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, focuses on developing and commercializing therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. The company uses its therapeutic BHT-DNA platform to develop a pipeline of treatment candidates for autoimmune diseases. Its products in clinical pipeline include BHT-3021, which is in Phase I/II clinical trial for reducing or eliminating the immune system’s attack on the pancreas; BHT-3009, which completed its Phase II trial for the treatment of multiple sclerosis; and BHT-3034, which is in preclinical studies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. The company was formerly known as Tolerion, Inc. and changed its name to Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc. in November 2002. Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc. was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

NuVasive, Inc. is a medical device company that specializes in developing and marketing minimally disruptive surgical products and integrated solutions for spine surgery. Founded in 1997 and headquartered in San Diego, California, the company focuses on enhancing surgical outcomes through its portfolio, which includes surgical access instruments, spinal implants, fixation systems, and biologics. Key products feature the Maximum Access Surgery platform, which incorporates advanced nerve detection and intraoperative monitoring services. NuVasive also offers a range of specialized implants, including cellular bone matrices and synthetic bone substitutes, aimed at facilitating restorative and fusion procedures for both thoracolumbar and cervical spine applications. Additionally, the company provides innovative systems, such as the Integrated Global Alignment platform and magnetically adjustable implant systems, and serves a diverse clientele including patients, surgeons, hospitals, and insurers through various sales channels.

LiveWire Logic provides AI technologies that can conduct human-like conversations to help customers make purchase decisions. It was founded in 2000 and is based in Morrisville, North Carolina.