Khosla Ventures

LuxWall is a building materials company that pioneers the design and manufacture of vacuum-insulated glass. LuxWall produces glass that acts as transparent insulation, providing thermal insulation values comparable to fiberglass wall insulation. With widespread adoption, LuxWall's patented technology has the potential to reduce global carbon emissions by more than 0.5 gigatonnes per year. The company was founded in 2020 and is headquartered in Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States.

Fortera is focused on developing innovative cement products that significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. The company has created a process that captures industrial carbon emissions and mineralizes them to produce a less carbon-intensive form of concrete. This method not only aims to lower the environmental impact of construction but also enhances the performance characteristics of their products compared to traditional concrete. By providing a more sustainable alternative, Fortera contributes to the global effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, addressing a critical challenge in the construction industry.

Glydways, formerly known as Wayfarer, is a transportation technology and clean energy company located in South San Francisco, California. The company focuses on designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating affordable autonomous transportation systems that cater to various capacity needs, including low, medium, and extremely high-capacity demands. Glydways aims to transform mobility and public transportation by providing a system that operates profitably at existing mass transit fares. Its solutions are designed for efficiency, featuring a small physical and environmental footprint, with zero greenhouse gas emissions. By offering a personal, private car experience, Glydways enhances passenger capacity while minimizing costs and environmental impact.

Li Industries is a start-up dedicated to advancing lithium-ion battery recycling technologies. The company focuses on reclaiming materials from end-of-life batteries used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and various energy storage systems. By utilizing direct recycling technology, Li Industries specializes in recovering valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which are essential for battery production. Their innovative electrochemical flow system allows for non-destructive lithiation and optimizes the post-treatment of recovered materials, enhancing the efficiency of the recycling process. Through its efforts, Li Industries aims to minimize environmental waste, lower emissions, and reduce the costs associated with lithium-ion battery manufacturing, thereby promoting a more sustainable supply chain for battery materials.

Koloma is a geologic hydrogen company focused on identifying and commercializing geologic hydrogen resources. By utilizing its technology and proprietary data, Koloma develops data-driven solutions for energy transition resource development. The company's initiatives aim to reduce global carbon emissions, providing businesses with the tools to lower their carbon footprint and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Through its innovative approach, Koloma seeks to advance clean energy technology and support the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.

Glydways, formerly known as Wayfarer, is a transportation technology and clean energy company located in South San Francisco, California. The company focuses on designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating affordable autonomous transportation systems that cater to various capacity needs, including low, medium, and extremely high-capacity demands. Glydways aims to transform mobility and public transportation by providing a system that operates profitably at existing mass transit fares. Its solutions are designed for efficiency, featuring a small physical and environmental footprint, with zero greenhouse gas emissions. By offering a personal, private car experience, Glydways enhances passenger capacity while minimizing costs and environmental impact.

Spiritus is a climate technology company focused on advancing direct-air-capture (DAC) solutions to combat climate change. It has developed a unique system that integrates the Spiritus Sorbent and the Spiritus Carbon Orchard, designed to be both scalable and modular, which allows for cost-effective carbon removal and sequestration. The company aims to provide an accessible and practical approach to carbon removal, enabling clients to manage their carbon footprint effectively and contribute to environmental sustainability. By achieving efficient sorption and desorption rates at a lower cost compared to existing technologies, Spiritus positions itself as a leader in the DAC sector.

Caelux is a renewable energy company based in Pasadena, California, that specializes in developing perovskite-on-glass technology for the terrestrial solar industry. Founded in 2014, the company focuses on creating innovative solar power products that enhance power production and efficiency while minimizing the use of semiconducting materials. This approach not only improves the performance of solar devices but also reduces production costs. Caelux's technology is designed to integrate seamlessly into existing photovoltaic module manufacturing processes, enabling users to lower installed costs while achieving better energy output.

TeraWatt Technology Inc., founded in 2017 and headquartered in Santa Clara, California, specializes in the design and development of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries for various electrified applications. The company focuses on producing batteries that combine energy and power density with safety, catering to the needs of industrial clients. Through advanced engineering practices and efficient production processes, TeraWatt Technology aims to provide long-lasting, safe, and reliable power alternatives, supporting a wide range of electrification initiatives. Additionally, TeraWatt has a subsidiary located in Tokyo, Japan, further expanding its reach in the global market.

Realta Fusion is focused on developing fusion energy technology aimed at producing industrial heat and power. The company leverages advancements in superconducting materials, plasma physics, and computing power to create a straightforward linear fusion reactor design. This innovative approach allows Realta Fusion to utilize abundant fuel sources, offering a zero-carbon solution for heat and power generation. By minimizing capital expenditures associated with power plant construction, the company positions itself as a provider of sustainable energy solutions.

LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2 emissions by 10%. By recycling carbon from industrial off-gases; syngas generated from any biomass resource (e.g. municipal solid waste (MSW), organic industrial waste, agricultural waste); and reformed biogas, LanzaTech can reduce emissions and make new products for a circular carbon economy. LanzaTech’s carbon recycling technology is like retrofitting a brewery onto an emission source like a steel mill or a landfill site, but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, pollution is converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals! Imagine a day when your plane is powered by recycled GHG emissions, when your yoga pants started life as pollution from a steel mill. This future is possible using LanzaTech technology.

LuxWall is a building materials company that pioneers the design and manufacture of vacuum-insulated glass. LuxWall produces glass that acts as transparent insulation, providing thermal insulation values comparable to fiberglass wall insulation. With widespread adoption, LuxWall's patented technology has the potential to reduce global carbon emissions by more than 0.5 gigatonnes per year. The company was founded in 2020 and is headquartered in Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States.

Mainspring Energy, Inc. is a company based in Menlo Park, California, focused on developing linear generator technology that produces low-carbon, dispatchable energy. Founded in 2010 by three Stanford engineers, Mainspring aims to address the challenges of climate change while providing affordable electricity. The company engineers advanced prototypes of linear generators that convert fuel into electricity through a low-temperature reaction of air and fuel, driving magnets through copper coils. This innovative approach allows Mainspring to offer electricity at lower costs and with greater reliability, contributing to the vision of creating net-zero carbon grids in the future.

Li Industries is a start-up dedicated to advancing lithium-ion battery recycling technologies. The company focuses on reclaiming materials from end-of-life batteries used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and various energy storage systems. By utilizing direct recycling technology, Li Industries specializes in recovering valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which are essential for battery production. Their innovative electrochemical flow system allows for non-destructive lithiation and optimizes the post-treatment of recovered materials, enhancing the efficiency of the recycling process. Through its efforts, Li Industries aims to minimize environmental waste, lower emissions, and reduce the costs associated with lithium-ion battery manufacturing, thereby promoting a more sustainable supply chain for battery materials.

TeraWatt Technology Inc., founded in 2017 and headquartered in Santa Clara, California, specializes in the design and development of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries for various electrified applications. The company focuses on producing batteries that combine energy and power density with safety, catering to the needs of industrial clients. Through advanced engineering practices and efficient production processes, TeraWatt Technology aims to provide long-lasting, safe, and reliable power alternatives, supporting a wide range of electrification initiatives. Additionally, TeraWatt has a subsidiary located in Tokyo, Japan, further expanding its reach in the global market.

Mainspring Energy, Inc. is a company based in Menlo Park, California, focused on developing linear generator technology that produces low-carbon, dispatchable energy. Founded in 2010 by three Stanford engineers, Mainspring aims to address the challenges of climate change while providing affordable electricity. The company engineers advanced prototypes of linear generators that convert fuel into electricity through a low-temperature reaction of air and fuel, driving magnets through copper coils. This innovative approach allows Mainspring to offer electricity at lower costs and with greater reliability, contributing to the vision of creating net-zero carbon grids in the future.

Aether Diamonds produces the world's first and only diamonds made 100% from captured carbon. Certified B Corp. 2022 Fast Company Top 10 Most Innovative Consumer Goods Companies. 2022 "Best for the World" B Corp.

Fortera is focused on developing innovative cement products that significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. The company has created a process that captures industrial carbon emissions and mineralizes them to produce a less carbon-intensive form of concrete. This method not only aims to lower the environmental impact of construction but also enhances the performance characteristics of their products compared to traditional concrete. By providing a more sustainable alternative, Fortera contributes to the global effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, addressing a critical challenge in the construction industry.

Mainspring Energy, Inc. is a company based in Menlo Park, California, focused on developing linear generator technology that produces low-carbon, dispatchable energy. Founded in 2010 by three Stanford engineers, Mainspring aims to address the challenges of climate change while providing affordable electricity. The company engineers advanced prototypes of linear generators that convert fuel into electricity through a low-temperature reaction of air and fuel, driving magnets through copper coils. This innovative approach allows Mainspring to offer electricity at lower costs and with greater reliability, contributing to the vision of creating net-zero carbon grids in the future.

Glydways, formerly known as Wayfarer, is a transportation technology and clean energy company located in South San Francisco, California. The company focuses on designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating affordable autonomous transportation systems that cater to various capacity needs, including low, medium, and extremely high-capacity demands. Glydways aims to transform mobility and public transportation by providing a system that operates profitably at existing mass transit fares. Its solutions are designed for efficiency, featuring a small physical and environmental footprint, with zero greenhouse gas emissions. By offering a personal, private car experience, Glydways enhances passenger capacity while minimizing costs and environmental impact.

Commonwealth Fusion Systems LLC is a research and development company focused on advancing fusion energy technology to provide an inexhaustible power source. Established in 2017 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the company utilizes rare-earth barium copper oxide superconductor technology to create fusion energy systems. Commonwealth Fusion Systems was spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and collaborates with MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center to leverage decades of government-funded fusion research. By integrating established physics with innovative magnet technology, the company aims to accelerate the commercialization of fusion energy, positioning itself as a key player in the transition to clean and renewable energy sources while addressing climate change challenges.

Commonwealth Fusion Systems LLC is a research and development company focused on advancing fusion energy technology to provide an inexhaustible power source. Established in 2017 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the company utilizes rare-earth barium copper oxide superconductor technology to create fusion energy systems. Commonwealth Fusion Systems was spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and collaborates with MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center to leverage decades of government-funded fusion research. By integrating established physics with innovative magnet technology, the company aims to accelerate the commercialization of fusion energy, positioning itself as a key player in the transition to clean and renewable energy sources while addressing climate change challenges.

Zendar Inc. specializes in the manufacture of high-resolution radar systems for autonomous vehicles. Founded in 2017 and located in Berkeley, California, the company offers a product that merges the advantages of radar technology, such as long-range capabilities and all-weather functionality, with the resolution typically associated with lidar systems. Zendar's radar solutions are designed to enhance the safety and reliability of self-driving cars, allowing them to operate effectively in adverse weather conditions. Through its innovative technology, Zendar aims to enable true all-weather autonomy for autonomous vehicles, ensuring safer driving experiences in challenging climatic environments.

Digital Alloys develops high-speed, multi-metal additive manufacturing systems that print production quality parts, in almost any metal, at a fraction of the cost of other systems, making metal 3D metal printing economical for a greatly expanded mix of applications. Digital Alloys metal 3D printers have the unique ability to mix multiple metals in a solid part, enabling customers to push the limits of design and create new products with optimized thermal, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. It was formed in January 2017 as a spinout from the NVLabs division of New Valence Robotics, Inc. (NVBOTS). The company is led by an experienced management team, and backed by Khosla Ventures. Digital Alloys is based in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Mainspring Energy, Inc. is a company based in Menlo Park, California, focused on developing linear generator technology that produces low-carbon, dispatchable energy. Founded in 2010 by three Stanford engineers, Mainspring aims to address the challenges of climate change while providing affordable electricity. The company engineers advanced prototypes of linear generators that convert fuel into electricity through a low-temperature reaction of air and fuel, driving magnets through copper coils. This innovative approach allows Mainspring to offer electricity at lower costs and with greater reliability, contributing to the vision of creating net-zero carbon grids in the future.

Zendar Inc. specializes in the manufacture of high-resolution radar systems for autonomous vehicles. Founded in 2017 and located in Berkeley, California, the company offers a product that merges the advantages of radar technology, such as long-range capabilities and all-weather functionality, with the resolution typically associated with lidar systems. Zendar's radar solutions are designed to enhance the safety and reliability of self-driving cars, allowing them to operate effectively in adverse weather conditions. Through its innovative technology, Zendar aims to enable true all-weather autonomy for autonomous vehicles, ensuring safer driving experiences in challenging climatic environments.

Zendar Inc. specializes in the manufacture of high-resolution radar systems for autonomous vehicles. Founded in 2017 and located in Berkeley, California, the company offers a product that merges the advantages of radar technology, such as long-range capabilities and all-weather functionality, with the resolution typically associated with lidar systems. Zendar's radar solutions are designed to enhance the safety and reliability of self-driving cars, allowing them to operate effectively in adverse weather conditions. Through its innovative technology, Zendar aims to enable true all-weather autonomy for autonomous vehicles, ensuring safer driving experiences in challenging climatic environments.

Digital Alloys develops high-speed, multi-metal additive manufacturing systems that print production quality parts, in almost any metal, at a fraction of the cost of other systems, making metal 3D metal printing economical for a greatly expanded mix of applications. Digital Alloys metal 3D printers have the unique ability to mix multiple metals in a solid part, enabling customers to push the limits of design and create new products with optimized thermal, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. It was formed in January 2017 as a spinout from the NVLabs division of New Valence Robotics, Inc. (NVBOTS). The company is led by an experienced management team, and backed by Khosla Ventures. Digital Alloys is based in Burlington, Massachusetts.

BBOXX designs, manufactures, and distributes solar power systems aimed at improving energy access in Africa and other developing regions. The company focuses on providing off-grid solutions, including solar kits, residential solar installations, and energy kiosks, enabling consumers in rural areas to experience reliable electricity similar to that in western countries. By creating innovative distribution methods, BBOXX seeks to meet the energy needs of underserved populations while ensuring superior customer service. Its operations extend to countries such as Sierra Leone, Kenya, Somalia, and Pakistan, where the company strives to enhance energy management and power production in off-grid environments.

BBOXX designs, manufactures, and distributes solar power systems aimed at improving energy access in Africa and other developing regions. The company focuses on providing off-grid solutions, including solar kits, residential solar installations, and energy kiosks, enabling consumers in rural areas to experience reliable electricity similar to that in western countries. By creating innovative distribution methods, BBOXX seeks to meet the energy needs of underserved populations while ensuring superior customer service. Its operations extend to countries such as Sierra Leone, Kenya, Somalia, and Pakistan, where the company strives to enhance energy management and power production in off-grid environments.

Virgin Hyperloop is a developer of a transportation technology used to deliver fast, direct, and sustainable transportation at scale. Its technology is a first-generation vehicle system that makes trains go as fast as 760 miles per hour and utilizes a vacuum tube designed for transportation of people and cargo that enables companies to have direct movement of freight and people to travel quicker from origin to destination. It was founded in 2014 and is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.

SolidEnergy Systems Corp. develops and manufactures rechargeable lithium metal batteries primarily for applications in drones, wearables, smartphones, and electric vehicles. Founded in 2012 and based in Woburn, Massachusetts, the company focuses on producing high-performance lithium metal batteries and supplying essential materials, such as anodes and electrolytes, to major lithium-ion cell manufacturers. These materials can be integrated into existing manufacturing processes, allowing for scalability without significant infrastructure investments. SolidEnergy's pilot-scale production caters to prototype demonstrations and specialized aerospace markets, while its future growth is aimed at mainstream sectors like consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Additionally, the company is involved in developing AI-powered safety algorithms and recycling solutions, positioning itself as an integrated battery manufacturer with a commitment to innovation and sustainability.

Tula Technology, Inc. specializes in the development and marketing of the Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) cylinder deactivation system, a cutting-edge powertrain technology that combines digital signal processing with powertrain controls to enable variable displacement engines. This technology helps automotive manufacturers enhance fuel efficiency and meet stringent CO2 emissions standards. Founded in 2008 and headquartered in San Jose, California, with an engineering center in Plymouth, Michigan, Tula serves a global clientele, including customers in the United States, Germany, Japan, China, and Korea. The company is recognized for its innovative approach, holding over 320 patents related to various technologies and focusing primarily on applications for passenger vehicles and commercial heavy-duty trucks. Tula's solutions are rooted in software rather than hardware, yielding significant results, as evidenced by one million vehicles utilizing its technology to reduce emissions and improve fuel savings. The company is also exploring efficiency solutions in areas such as robotics, e-aviation, and industrial machinery.

Sakti3, Inc. is a Michigan-based company that specializes in the development of solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology. Founded in 2007 and currently a subsidiary of Dyson Ltd., Sakti3 focuses on creating advanced battery cells designed for use in electric vehicles and portable electronics. The company's innovative technology aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of electric cars, making them more comparable to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. By improving battery capabilities, Sakti3 seeks to support the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions in the automotive and consumer electronics industries.

LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2 emissions by 10%. By recycling carbon from industrial off-gases; syngas generated from any biomass resource (e.g. municipal solid waste (MSW), organic industrial waste, agricultural waste); and reformed biogas, LanzaTech can reduce emissions and make new products for a circular carbon economy. LanzaTech’s carbon recycling technology is like retrofitting a brewery onto an emission source like a steel mill or a landfill site, but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, pollution is converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals! Imagine a day when your plane is powered by recycled GHG emissions, when your yoga pants started life as pollution from a steel mill. This future is possible using LanzaTech technology.

Caelux is a renewable energy company based in Pasadena, California, that specializes in developing perovskite-on-glass technology for the terrestrial solar industry. Founded in 2014, the company focuses on creating innovative solar power products that enhance power production and efficiency while minimizing the use of semiconducting materials. This approach not only improves the performance of solar devices but also reduces production costs. Caelux's technology is designed to integrate seamlessly into existing photovoltaic module manufacturing processes, enabling users to lower installed costs while achieving better energy output.

Tula Technology, Inc. specializes in the development and marketing of the Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) cylinder deactivation system, a cutting-edge powertrain technology that combines digital signal processing with powertrain controls to enable variable displacement engines. This technology helps automotive manufacturers enhance fuel efficiency and meet stringent CO2 emissions standards. Founded in 2008 and headquartered in San Jose, California, with an engineering center in Plymouth, Michigan, Tula serves a global clientele, including customers in the United States, Germany, Japan, China, and Korea. The company is recognized for its innovative approach, holding over 320 patents related to various technologies and focusing primarily on applications for passenger vehicles and commercial heavy-duty trucks. Tula's solutions are rooted in software rather than hardware, yielding significant results, as evidenced by one million vehicles utilizing its technology to reduce emissions and improve fuel savings. The company is also exploring efficiency solutions in areas such as robotics, e-aviation, and industrial machinery.

LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2 emissions by 10%. By recycling carbon from industrial off-gases; syngas generated from any biomass resource (e.g. municipal solid waste (MSW), organic industrial waste, agricultural waste); and reformed biogas, LanzaTech can reduce emissions and make new products for a circular carbon economy. LanzaTech’s carbon recycling technology is like retrofitting a brewery onto an emission source like a steel mill or a landfill site, but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, pollution is converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals! Imagine a day when your plane is powered by recycled GHG emissions, when your yoga pants started life as pollution from a steel mill. This future is possible using LanzaTech technology.

BBOXX designs, manufactures, and distributes solar power systems aimed at improving energy access in Africa and other developing regions. The company focuses on providing off-grid solutions, including solar kits, residential solar installations, and energy kiosks, enabling consumers in rural areas to experience reliable electricity similar to that in western countries. By creating innovative distribution methods, BBOXX seeks to meet the energy needs of underserved populations while ensuring superior customer service. Its operations extend to countries such as Sierra Leone, Kenya, Somalia, and Pakistan, where the company strives to enhance energy management and power production in off-grid environments.

View is a technology company specializing in smart building solutions, particularly through its innovative smart windows. These windows utilize artificial intelligence to automatically adjust to sunlight, enhancing natural light access and providing unobstructed views while also minimizing heat and glare. This technology not only improves the health and overall experience of occupants but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. View's products are integrated into a cloud-connected smart building platform, which includes essential infrastructure for power, networking, and communication. The company has successfully implemented its solutions in over 90 million square feet of various building types, including offices, hospitals, airports, educational institutions, hotels, and multifamily residences.

View is a technology company specializing in smart building solutions, particularly through its innovative smart windows. These windows utilize artificial intelligence to automatically adjust to sunlight, enhancing natural light access and providing unobstructed views while also minimizing heat and glare. This technology not only improves the health and overall experience of occupants but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. View's products are integrated into a cloud-connected smart building platform, which includes essential infrastructure for power, networking, and communication. The company has successfully implemented its solutions in over 90 million square feet of various building types, including offices, hospitals, airports, educational institutions, hotels, and multifamily residences.

Natron Energy, Inc. is an energy storage company based in Santa Clara, California, founded in 2012. The company specializes in developing sodium-ion battery technologies, utilizing Prussian Blue electrode materials to create safe and sustainable energy storage solutions. Natron's batteries are designed for various industrial applications, including uninterruptible power supply systems, lift trucks, renewable energy smoothing, and smart grids. These batteries offer advantages such as high power density, efficient recharging, and extended cycle life, and can be produced economically using commodity materials on existing manufacturing lines. Natron Energy operates a software-defined power platform to enhance the integration of its battery solutions across critical backup power systems and other applications.

Tula Technology, Inc. specializes in the development and marketing of the Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) cylinder deactivation system, a cutting-edge powertrain technology that combines digital signal processing with powertrain controls to enable variable displacement engines. This technology helps automotive manufacturers enhance fuel efficiency and meet stringent CO2 emissions standards. Founded in 2008 and headquartered in San Jose, California, with an engineering center in Plymouth, Michigan, Tula serves a global clientele, including customers in the United States, Germany, Japan, China, and Korea. The company is recognized for its innovative approach, holding over 320 patents related to various technologies and focusing primarily on applications for passenger vehicles and commercial heavy-duty trucks. Tula's solutions are rooted in software rather than hardware, yielding significant results, as evidenced by one million vehicles utilizing its technology to reduce emissions and improve fuel savings. The company is also exploring efficiency solutions in areas such as robotics, e-aviation, and industrial machinery.

View is a technology company specializing in smart building solutions, particularly through its innovative smart windows. These windows utilize artificial intelligence to automatically adjust to sunlight, enhancing natural light access and providing unobstructed views while also minimizing heat and glare. This technology not only improves the health and overall experience of occupants but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. View's products are integrated into a cloud-connected smart building platform, which includes essential infrastructure for power, networking, and communication. The company has successfully implemented its solutions in over 90 million square feet of various building types, including offices, hospitals, airports, educational institutions, hotels, and multifamily residences.

Virdia, formerly known as HCL CleanTech, specializes in the development of cellulosic sugars and lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass for applications in renewable chemicals, bio-energy, and nutrition. The company utilizes its proprietary CASE™ process, which efficiently converts a variety of feedstocks, including wood, energy crops, and agricultural residues, into refined sugars and lignin. This innovative, low-temperature method maximizes sugar yields while maintaining a minimal environmental impact through the nearly complete recycling of acids and solvents used during production. Virdia is guided by an experienced management team with extensive backgrounds in corn processing, chemicals, and biochemicals.

Danotek Motion Technologies Inc, founded in 2001, in Ann Arbor, Michigan is an ISO 9001:2000 certified technology innovator. Danotek develops clean, energy efficient, generators, electrical conversion systems, brushless motors and electronics controls for alternative energy and advanced transportation applications. Danotek has developed a number of patent-pending innovative products that include variable speed permanent magnet (PM) generators and brushless motors with integrated electronics for wind power, fuel cell, CHP, auxiliary power and electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Their designs represent industry leadership and are expected to replace inefficient and unreliable systems with added extensive control features.

Ciris Energy, Inc. is a technology company based in Centennial, Colorado, that specializes in producing electricity from buried coal and other hydrocarbon deposits. Founded in 2007, the company has developed proprietary technologies that biologically convert coal into methane at large scales. These innovations focus on creating natural gas from coal in an environmentally responsible and economically efficient manner, allowing clients to utilize coal as a renewable energy source.

View is a technology company specializing in smart building solutions, particularly through its innovative smart windows. These windows utilize artificial intelligence to automatically adjust to sunlight, enhancing natural light access and providing unobstructed views while also minimizing heat and glare. This technology not only improves the health and overall experience of occupants but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. View's products are integrated into a cloud-connected smart building platform, which includes essential infrastructure for power, networking, and communication. The company has successfully implemented its solutions in over 90 million square feet of various building types, including offices, hospitals, airports, educational institutions, hotels, and multifamily residences.

Sakti3, Inc. is a Michigan-based company that specializes in the development of solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology. Founded in 2007 and currently a subsidiary of Dyson Ltd., Sakti3 focuses on creating advanced battery cells designed for use in electric vehicles and portable electronics. The company's innovative technology aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of electric cars, making them more comparable to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. By improving battery capabilities, Sakti3 seeks to support the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions in the automotive and consumer electronics industries.

LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2 emissions by 10%. By recycling carbon from industrial off-gases; syngas generated from any biomass resource (e.g. municipal solid waste (MSW), organic industrial waste, agricultural waste); and reformed biogas, LanzaTech can reduce emissions and make new products for a circular carbon economy. LanzaTech’s carbon recycling technology is like retrofitting a brewery onto an emission source like a steel mill or a landfill site, but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, pollution is converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals! Imagine a day when your plane is powered by recycled GHG emissions, when your yoga pants started life as pollution from a steel mill. This future is possible using LanzaTech technology.

Gevo, Inc. is a renewable fuels company based in Englewood, Colorado, specializing in the development and commercialization of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Founded in 2005, Gevo focuses on producing biofuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and isobutanol derived from low-carbon renewable carbohydrates. The company aims to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its innovative processes, which also include the development of renewable electricity and natural gas. In addition to biofuels, Gevo's product offerings encompass renewable biodiesel, isooctane, isobutylene, ethanol, and animal feed. The company operates through various segments, including Renewable Natural Gas and Agri-Energy, where it conducts research and development for sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable hydrocarbon products, as well as capturing methane gas from dairy cow manure.

Mainspring Energy, Inc. is a company based in Menlo Park, California, focused on developing linear generator technology that produces low-carbon, dispatchable energy. Founded in 2010 by three Stanford engineers, Mainspring aims to address the challenges of climate change while providing affordable electricity. The company engineers advanced prototypes of linear generators that convert fuel into electricity through a low-temperature reaction of air and fuel, driving magnets through copper coils. This innovative approach allows Mainspring to offer electricity at lower costs and with greater reliability, contributing to the vision of creating net-zero carbon grids in the future.

Danotek Motion Technologies Inc, founded in 2001, in Ann Arbor, Michigan is an ISO 9001:2000 certified technology innovator. Danotek develops clean, energy efficient, generators, electrical conversion systems, brushless motors and electronics controls for alternative energy and advanced transportation applications. Danotek has developed a number of patent-pending innovative products that include variable speed permanent magnet (PM) generators and brushless motors with integrated electronics for wind power, fuel cell, CHP, auxiliary power and electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Their designs represent industry leadership and are expected to replace inefficient and unreliable systems with added extensive control features.

Gevo, Inc. is a renewable fuels company based in Englewood, Colorado, specializing in the development and commercialization of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Founded in 2005, Gevo focuses on producing biofuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and isobutanol derived from low-carbon renewable carbohydrates. The company aims to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its innovative processes, which also include the development of renewable electricity and natural gas. In addition to biofuels, Gevo's product offerings encompass renewable biodiesel, isooctane, isobutylene, ethanol, and animal feed. The company operates through various segments, including Renewable Natural Gas and Agri-Energy, where it conducts research and development for sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable hydrocarbon products, as well as capturing methane gas from dairy cow manure.

SeaMicro is a company focused on developing low power data centers through innovative server architecture. By leveraging advancements in CPU design, virtualization, supercomputing, and networking, SeaMicro has created servers that consume significantly less power—approximately one-quarter of that used by traditional servers—while occupying only one-sixth of the physical space. This efficient design addresses the growing power inefficiencies in the server market, which has seen a dramatic increase in electricity consumption over recent years. SeaMicro's servers are designed to be plug-and-play, requiring no modifications to existing software operating systems, applications, or management infrastructures, making them an attractive solution for modern data centers.

Virdia, formerly known as HCL CleanTech, specializes in the development of cellulosic sugars and lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass for applications in renewable chemicals, bio-energy, and nutrition. The company utilizes its proprietary CASE™ process, which efficiently converts a variety of feedstocks, including wood, energy crops, and agricultural residues, into refined sugars and lignin. This innovative, low-temperature method maximizes sugar yields while maintaining a minimal environmental impact through the nearly complete recycling of acids and solvents used during production. Virdia is guided by an experienced management team with extensive backgrounds in corn processing, chemicals, and biochemicals.

Ausra specializes in the development and manufacturing of utility-scale solar technologies aimed at meeting global electricity demands in an environmentally sustainable manner. The company focuses on solar thermal power infrastructure, primarily utilizing compact linear Fresnel reflectors as solar collectors that generate steam for electricity production. By concentrating sunlight to boil water, Ausra's systems create high-pressure steam that drives conventional turbine generators. The company is also advancing low-cost thermal energy storage solutions, which will enable the generation of solar electric power on demand, both during the day and at night. Ausra's innovations aim to provide zero-carbon power generation that competes with fossil fuel prices while minimizing environmental impact.

Sakti3, Inc. is a Michigan-based company that specializes in the development of solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology. Founded in 2007 and currently a subsidiary of Dyson Ltd., Sakti3 focuses on creating advanced battery cells designed for use in electric vehicles and portable electronics. The company's innovative technology aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of electric cars, making them more comparable to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. By improving battery capabilities, Sakti3 seeks to support the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions in the automotive and consumer electronics industries.

Calera Corporation operates in the area of carbon sequestering. It involves in reversing global warming and ocean acidification by trapping the greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide, as well as reduces the level of free carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere. The company has a strategic alliance with Bechtel Power Corporation. Calera Corporation was founded in 2007 and is based in Los Gatos, California.

Kaai is a stealth cleantech startup focusing on LED technology, working together with [Soraa](/organization/soraa/). If you have any further information on Kaai, please build out this profile.

AltaRock Energy is a renewable energy development company that specializes in Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS). Based in Sausalito, California, with a technology development office in Seattle, Washington, the company is dedicated to the research and commercialization of geothermal energy solutions. AltaRock has developed a portfolio of patents related to EGS technology and holds exclusive licenses for relevant intellectual property. The company's innovative approach aims to provide clean, affordable, and renewable energy by enhancing existing geothermal power sites and reducing risks associated with dry holes. This technology not only expands the capacity of current geothermal resources but also increases profitability for the energy industry, making renewable energy more accessible. Key leaders in the company include Chief Executive Officer Don O'Shei and President/Chief Technology Officer Susan Petty, who is also a founder of AltaRock.

Mascoma Corporation was founded in late 2005 with initial funding from Khosla Ventures and Flagship Ventures in early 2006. A Series B round of funding was closed in November of 2006 and a Series C round of funding was closed in May of 2008. They wish to replace the use of gasoline with cellulosic ethanol.

Range Fuels is a privately held company funded primarily by greentech venture capital companies, including Khosla Ventures, LLC, arguably the top venture firm in the U.S. focusing on alternative, clean energy systems. Their leadership team melds experience from the technologically intensive oil, chemical, petrochemical, coal gasification, power and gas-to-liquids industries, the renewable fuel industry, and the pulp and paper industry.

Range Fuels is a privately held company funded primarily by greentech venture capital companies, including Khosla Ventures, LLC, arguably the top venture firm in the U.S. focusing on alternative, clean energy systems. Their leadership team melds experience from the technologically intensive oil, chemical, petrochemical, coal gasification, power and gas-to-liquids industries, the renewable fuel industry, and the pulp and paper industry.

PAX Streamline is a cleantech group that works on reducing the amount of energy waste during the mechanical and productive processes. They a product development firm that designs and markets efficient industrial equipment.

Tula Technology, Inc. specializes in the development and marketing of the Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) cylinder deactivation system, a cutting-edge powertrain technology that combines digital signal processing with powertrain controls to enable variable displacement engines. This technology helps automotive manufacturers enhance fuel efficiency and meet stringent CO2 emissions standards. Founded in 2008 and headquartered in San Jose, California, with an engineering center in Plymouth, Michigan, Tula serves a global clientele, including customers in the United States, Germany, Japan, China, and Korea. The company is recognized for its innovative approach, holding over 320 patents related to various technologies and focusing primarily on applications for passenger vehicles and commercial heavy-duty trucks. Tula's solutions are rooted in software rather than hardware, yielding significant results, as evidenced by one million vehicles utilizing its technology to reduce emissions and improve fuel savings. The company is also exploring efficiency solutions in areas such as robotics, e-aviation, and industrial machinery.

View is a technology company specializing in smart building solutions, particularly through its innovative smart windows. These windows utilize artificial intelligence to automatically adjust to sunlight, enhancing natural light access and providing unobstructed views while also minimizing heat and glare. This technology not only improves the health and overall experience of occupants but also reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions. View's products are integrated into a cloud-connected smart building platform, which includes essential infrastructure for power, networking, and communication. The company has successfully implemented its solutions in over 90 million square feet of various building types, including offices, hospitals, airports, educational institutions, hotels, and multifamily residences.

Ausra specializes in the development and manufacturing of utility-scale solar technologies aimed at meeting global electricity demands in an environmentally sustainable manner. The company focuses on solar thermal power infrastructure, primarily utilizing compact linear Fresnel reflectors as solar collectors that generate steam for electricity production. By concentrating sunlight to boil water, Ausra's systems create high-pressure steam that drives conventional turbine generators. The company is also advancing low-cost thermal energy storage solutions, which will enable the generation of solar electric power on demand, both during the day and at night. Ausra's innovations aim to provide zero-carbon power generation that competes with fossil fuel prices while minimizing environmental impact.

Topanga develops efficient plasma lighting technology . Topanga has designed a novel solid state driven source design with high lumen per watt energy efficiency exceeding HID metal halide, HPS sodium, HMI halogen, Induction, and LED light sources designed to replace the inefficient lamps in outdoor and commercial environments.

Ausra specializes in the development and manufacturing of utility-scale solar technologies aimed at meeting global electricity demands in an environmentally sustainable manner. The company focuses on solar thermal power infrastructure, primarily utilizing compact linear Fresnel reflectors as solar collectors that generate steam for electricity production. By concentrating sunlight to boil water, Ausra's systems create high-pressure steam that drives conventional turbine generators. The company is also advancing low-cost thermal energy storage solutions, which will enable the generation of solar electric power on demand, both during the day and at night. Ausra's innovations aim to provide zero-carbon power generation that competes with fossil fuel prices while minimizing environmental impact.

AltaRock Energy is a renewable energy development company that specializes in Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS). Based in Sausalito, California, with a technology development office in Seattle, Washington, the company is dedicated to the research and commercialization of geothermal energy solutions. AltaRock has developed a portfolio of patents related to EGS technology and holds exclusive licenses for relevant intellectual property. The company's innovative approach aims to provide clean, affordable, and renewable energy by enhancing existing geothermal power sites and reducing risks associated with dry holes. This technology not only expands the capacity of current geothermal resources but also increases profitability for the energy industry, making renewable energy more accessible. Key leaders in the company include Chief Executive Officer Don O'Shei and President/Chief Technology Officer Susan Petty, who is also a founder of AltaRock.

Gevo, Inc. is a renewable fuels company based in Englewood, Colorado, specializing in the development and commercialization of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Founded in 2005, Gevo focuses on producing biofuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and isobutanol derived from low-carbon renewable carbohydrates. The company aims to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its innovative processes, which also include the development of renewable electricity and natural gas. In addition to biofuels, Gevo's product offerings encompass renewable biodiesel, isooctane, isobutylene, ethanol, and animal feed. The company operates through various segments, including Renewable Natural Gas and Agri-Energy, where it conducts research and development for sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable hydrocarbon products, as well as capturing methane gas from dairy cow manure.

LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2 emissions by 10%. By recycling carbon from industrial off-gases; syngas generated from any biomass resource (e.g. municipal solid waste (MSW), organic industrial waste, agricultural waste); and reformed biogas, LanzaTech can reduce emissions and make new products for a circular carbon economy. LanzaTech’s carbon recycling technology is like retrofitting a brewery onto an emission source like a steel mill or a landfill site, but instead of using sugars and yeast to make beer, pollution is converted by bacteria to fuels and chemicals! Imagine a day when your plane is powered by recycled GHG emissions, when your yoga pants started life as pollution from a steel mill. This future is possible using LanzaTech technology.

Brenco is a renewable energy company, implementing industrial plants to produce ethanol and electricity from sugar cane in Brazil. Current projects are greenfield sites in the midwest region of Brazil. Brenco was founded on 2007 and is headquartered in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Gevo, Inc. is a renewable fuels company based in Englewood, Colorado, specializing in the development and commercialization of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Founded in 2005, Gevo focuses on producing biofuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and isobutanol derived from low-carbon renewable carbohydrates. The company aims to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its innovative processes, which also include the development of renewable electricity and natural gas. In addition to biofuels, Gevo's product offerings encompass renewable biodiesel, isooctane, isobutylene, ethanol, and animal feed. The company operates through various segments, including Renewable Natural Gas and Agri-Energy, where it conducts research and development for sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable hydrocarbon products, as well as capturing methane gas from dairy cow manure.

Mascoma Corporation was founded in late 2005 with initial funding from Khosla Ventures and Flagship Ventures in early 2006. A Series B round of funding was closed in November of 2006 and a Series C round of funding was closed in May of 2008. They wish to replace the use of gasoline with cellulosic ethanol.

Range Fuels is a privately held company funded primarily by greentech venture capital companies, including Khosla Ventures, LLC, arguably the top venture firm in the U.S. focusing on alternative, clean energy systems. Their leadership team melds experience from the technologically intensive oil, chemical, petrochemical, coal gasification, power and gas-to-liquids industries, the renewable fuel industry, and the pulp and paper industry.

Mascoma Corporation was founded in late 2005 with initial funding from Khosla Ventures and Flagship Ventures in early 2006. A Series B round of funding was closed in November of 2006 and a Series C round of funding was closed in May of 2008. They wish to replace the use of gasoline with cellulosic ethanol.

GreatPoint Energy is a technology-driven natural resources company and the developer of a proprietary, highly-efficient catalytic process known as hydromethanation, by which coal, petroleum coke, and biomass are converted directly into low-cost, clean, pipeline-quality natural gas, while allowing for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydromethanation yields dramatically improved economics for the production of natural gas and an environmental footprint equivalent to that of the most environmentally friendly commercial fuel.

Gevo, Inc. is a renewable fuels company based in Englewood, Colorado, specializing in the development and commercialization of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Founded in 2005, Gevo focuses on producing biofuels such as gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and isobutanol derived from low-carbon renewable carbohydrates. The company aims to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its innovative processes, which also include the development of renewable electricity and natural gas. In addition to biofuels, Gevo's product offerings encompass renewable biodiesel, isooctane, isobutylene, ethanol, and animal feed. The company operates through various segments, including Renewable Natural Gas and Agri-Energy, where it conducts research and development for sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable hydrocarbon products, as well as capturing methane gas from dairy cow manure.