Bpifrance is a financial institution dedicated to supporting companies throughout their development stages, particularly those preparing for stock market listing and seeking credit equity. The organization provides a range of financial solutions, including financing, innovation assistance, and capital investment. By integrating various entities such as OSEO and CDC Entreprises, Bpifrance aims to deliver tailored financial support that addresses the specific needs of businesses. The institution is committed to fostering innovation and helping companies transition toward sustainable growth, ensuring they are well-equipped to face future challenges.
Director of Transverse Venture Capital Investments Division
Benoit Barteau Ph.D
Investment Director
Nicolas Berdou
Investment Director, Defense Expert
Clarisse Blandin
Investment Director
Elyssa Maufras du Châtellier
Investment Director
Edouard Combette
Investment Director
Charlotte Corbaz
Investment Drector - Large Venture
Sofia Dahoune
Associate
Nicolas Dardenne
Senior Investment Director, Normandy (Caen Rouen)
Arnaud Despoisse
Director of Occitanie Participations
Nicolas Dufourcq
CEO
Mailys Ferrere
Director of Large Venture Investments
Romain Fourcade
Investment Director
Paul-Francois Fournier
Executive Director, Innovation Department
Vanessa Giraud
Director of Environmental Impact Funds
Alessandro Gonella
Director
Gwenael Hamon
Investment Director
Laurent Higueret
Senior Investment Director, Healthcare and Life Sciences - Large Venture Fund
Veronique Jacq
Head of Digital Venture team
Louis Janneau
Investment Director and Fund Manager
Magali Joessel
Director of Funds
So-Yeon Koo
Senior Investment Manager
Jérôme Langlade
Investment Director Aquitaine / Limousin / Poitou-Charentes
Eric Lefebvre
Director
Stephane Lefevre-Sauli
Senior Investment Director
Arnaud Legardeur
Investment Director
Olivier Martinez
Investment Director
Serge Mesguich
Director of FIT
Louis Molis
Investment Director
Jean-Francois Morin
Investment Director
Sébastien Moynot
Director
Adrien Muller
Investment Director
Adrien Neel
Investment Director
Axel Piriou
Director of Investments
Olivier Rameil
Senior Investment Director / VC seed
Vincent Roque
Director
Thibaut Roulon Ph.D
Investment Director
Gilles Schang
Deputy Managing Director
Bruno Villeneuve
Associate
Jean-Marie Fougeray
Senior Investment Director, Brittany
Laure Michel
Investment Director
Past deals in Clinical Trials
Vetbiolix
Venture Round in 2024
Vetbiolix is a veterinary biotechnology company dedicated to developing innovative therapeutic solutions for dogs and cats. The company focuses on creating first-in-class drug candidates aimed at treating and preventing diseases that affect pets, particularly in areas such as periodontitis, osteoarthritis, and gut motility disorders. By emphasizing clinical development, Vetbiolix strives to offer effective treatments for common health issues in pets, ultimately enhancing their quality of life.
Orakl Oncology
Seed Round in 2024
Orakl Oncology is dedicated to accelerating drug discovery in oncology using advanced biology and AI-powered analysis. The company utilizes a distinct collection of patient tumor avatars that integrates both biological and clinical data to enhance cancer treatment options.
Vaxinano
Venture Round in 2024
Vaxinano is a biotechnology company focused on the preclinical and pharmaceutical development of vaccines and drug delivery systems for both humans and animals. Established in 2016, Vaxinano builds on 25 years of research and clinical trials related to vaccines, utilizing the patented technology of Pr Didier Betbeder. The company specializes in creating safe-by-design nanoparticles that adhere to green chemistry principles, which support the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for infectious diseases. Additionally, Vaxinano aids medical researchers in formulating drugs that activate biomolecules, proteins, and antigens, thereby facilitating innovative approaches to combat untreated viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases.
Vetbiolix
Seed Round in 2024
Vetbiolix is a veterinary biotechnology company dedicated to developing innovative therapeutic solutions for dogs and cats. The company focuses on creating first-in-class drug candidates aimed at treating and preventing diseases that affect pets, particularly in areas such as periodontitis, osteoarthritis, and gut motility disorders. By emphasizing clinical development, Vetbiolix strives to offer effective treatments for common health issues in pets, ultimately enhancing their quality of life.
UroMems
Series C in 2024
UroMems is a company dedicated to addressing specific clinical needs related to patient care, particularly in the area of urology. It develops implantable medical devices aimed at enhancing existing surgical treatments, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. By focusing on innovative solutions, UroMems seeks to ensure that more patients can access effective treatments quickly, ultimately aiming to enhance their quality of life. The company is committed to the design, development, and commercialization of these active implantable devices, which reflect a deep understanding of the challenges faced by patients.
Biodol Therapeutics
Grant in 2024
Biodol Therapeutics, founded in 2015, develops first-in-class compounds for the treatment of chronic pain (CP). Biodol Therapeutics has identified the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) FLT3 as a key player for triggering and maintaining the chronic neuropathic pain (NP) state. New findings from Biodol Therapeutics' academic partnership (Cyril Rivat and Jean Valmier at the INSERM Institute for Neurosciences in Montpellier) also demonstrated that FLT3 inhibition increases the potency of opioids for their analgesic effect, and hereby reduces their safety risks, especially addiction risk, which will help fighting the Opioid Crisis. The development of extracellular inhibitors of the FLT3 receptor, is a proprietary and key approach developed by Biodol Therapeutics.
MaaT Pharma
Post in 2024
MaaT Pharma is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Lyon, France, founded in 2014. It specializes in developing therapies aimed at treating diseases associated with gut microbiota imbalance, particularly in the context of cancer and Graft-versus-Host Disease, a complication related to stem cell transplantation. The company has made significant advancements in its research, achieving proof of concept in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. MaaT Pharma employs a comprehensive approach to restore microbiome symbiosis, which has implications for enhancing survival outcomes in life-threatening conditions. Additionally, it has developed a proprietary platform called GutPrint®, which is instrumental in evaluating drug candidates and identifying biomarkers for microbiome-related diseases, thereby supporting the expansion of its therapeutic pipeline, including improvements in immunotherapy for solid tumors.
May Health
Series B in 2024
May Health specializes in developing innovative solutions for infertility related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The company offers a minimally invasive procedure aimed at restoring ovulation in women with PCOS, providing a more natural approach to pregnancy. This one-time treatment is performed transvaginally under ultrasound guidance, eliminating the need for general anesthesia. The procedure is designed to assist the body's natural ovulation process and can be conducted in a clinical setting, similar to techniques used by fertility specialists in in vitro fertilization (IVF). May Health's focus is on delivering effective, durable solutions for patients seeking to conceive while minimizing the medicalization of the pregnancy experience.
Tribun Health
Grant in 2024
Tribun Health specializes in developing diagnostic imaging software aimed at enhancing cancer detection and diagnosis. The company offers innovative solutions that facilitate the digital transformation of cancer diagnostics, enabling diagnostic laboratories and pharmaceutical and biotech businesses to manage, analyze, and share cellular images effectively. By providing advanced tools for digital microscopy-like image analysis and macroscopic imaging, Tribun Health ensures accurate diagnostics and scientific evaluations of patient cell and tissue images, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes in oncology.
Okomera
Grant in 2023
Okomera is a biotech start-up focused on enhancing the development of precision-based cancer medicines. The company specializes in automating and streamlining individualized tumor biopsy research through innovative medical technologies. By utilizing microfluidic 3D cellular assays, Okomera's approach allows for the prediction of patient-specific responses to therapies. This is achieved by cultivating cells within thousands of microfluidic droplets and exposing them to various conditions in parallel, which accelerates the process of biologically relevant biopsy testing. Consequently, Okomera's technologies enable healthcare providers to expedite cancer treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Eligo Bioscience
Series B in 2023
Eligo Bioscience S.A.S is a biotechnology company based in Paris, France, that specializes in the development of Eligobiotics, a new class of antimicrobials designed to target specific bacteria based on their genetic makeup. Founded in 2014, the company utilizes a combination of CRISPR/Cas technology and engineered phage capsids to create antibiotics capable of addressing microbiome-related diseases and combating resistant pathogens. These programmed antimicrobials aim to eradicate virulent bacteria within the human microbiome, facilitating the creation of advanced therapeutics for conditions caused by superbugs. Eligo Bioscience's innovative approach positions it at the forefront of microbiome precision therapies and next-generation antibiotic solutions.
GenSight Biologics
Post in 2023
GenSight Biologics S.A. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Paris, France, focused on developing gene therapy treatments for retinal degenerative diseases and neurodegenerative conditions affecting the central nervous system. Utilizing its core technology platforms—Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence and Optogenetics—the company aims to preserve and restore vision in patients with severe retinal disorders. Its lead product candidates include GS010, an AAV2-based gene therapy currently in Phase III trials for treating Leber hereditary optic neuropathy caused by mutations in the ND4 gene, and GS030, which is undergoing Phase I/II trials for retinitis pigmentosa and geographic atrophy in dry age-related macular degeneration. In addition to these, GenSight is advancing several products in preclinical stages targeting various ophthalmic and neurodegenerative diseases. Founded in 2012, the company is dedicated to innovative approaches that aim to prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life for affected patients.
EverImmune
Debt Financing in 2023
EverImmune is focused on developing innovative biotherapeutic products aimed at treating cancer patients through microbiome oncology. The company specializes in creating live biotherapeutic products (LBP) that serve as oral adjuvants to enhance anticancer immunotherapies. By leveraging technology to safely boost the immune system and restore sensitivity to immunotherapies, EverImmune seeks to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatments, particularly in cases of primary resistance. The firm plans to conduct well-designed clinical trials to test its lead product, Oncobax®, as part of its commitment to advancing cancer care.
Tribun Health
Series B in 2023
Tribun Health specializes in developing diagnostic imaging software aimed at enhancing cancer detection and diagnosis. The company offers innovative solutions that facilitate the digital transformation of cancer diagnostics, enabling diagnostic laboratories and pharmaceutical and biotech businesses to manage, analyze, and share cellular images effectively. By providing advanced tools for digital microscopy-like image analysis and macroscopic imaging, Tribun Health ensures accurate diagnostics and scientific evaluations of patient cell and tissue images, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes in oncology.
Odimma
Seed Round in 2023
Odimma is a biotech company that focuses on precision medicine and cure for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Alentis Therapeutics
Series C in 2023
Alentis Therapeutics AG is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, focused on developing innovative therapies for advanced liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Established in 2019, Alentis is recognized for its pioneering work in targeting CLDN1+ cancers through the use of anti-CLDN1 antibody-drug conjugates and other therapeutic modalities. The company's research platform incorporates clinically relevant read-outs and single-cell RNA sequencing of patient liver tissues, which aids in understanding and treating fibrotic diseases. Alentis aims to modify and reverse disease progression, ultimately addressing significant health challenges associated with liver-related conditions.
Kayentis
Venture Round in 2023
Kayentis is a global leader in electronic clinical outcome assessment (eCOA) and decentralized clinical trial solutions, dedicated to enhancing data collection processes in clinical trials for the pharmaceutical, biotech, and contract research organization sectors. Founded in 2005, the company has developed expertise in eCOA solutions applicable across all phases of clinical development, addressing over 200 indications in more than 20 therapeutic areas. To meet the evolving demands of clinical research, Kayentis offers a comprehensive suite of services that prioritize scientific integrity and patient-centric approaches. With operational capabilities spanning the USA, Europe, and Asia, the company's technology facilitates electronic data capture, providing a versatile range of tools designed to simplify data collection for both patients and clinical trial sites.
AlgoTherapeutix
Grant in 2023
AlgoTherapeutix is a biotechnology company focused on developing topical treatments for complex pain conditions, particularly those that are difficult to treat and lack proven therapies. The organization targets damaged nerve fibers in the skin, aiming to provide pain relief without the systemic side effects associated with oral medications. Currently, AlgoTherapeutix's lead product, ATX01, has received FDA approval to enter Phase 2 clinical trials for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, a painful condition resulting from cancer treatment. Additionally, the company is exploring the potential of its treatments for erythromelalgia, a rare and debilitating disorder characterized by severe pain. Through its innovative approach, AlgoTherapeutix seeks to address the specific needs of patients suffering from these challenging conditions.
NFL Biosciences
Private Equity Round in 2023
NFL Biosciences is a biotechnology company focused on developing solutions for tobacco addiction. The company specializes in researching and creating medicines that utilize both botanical and pharmaceutical agents to assist smokers in their efforts to quit. Its primary product, NFL-101, is a clinically developed botanical drug designed to target smoking addiction. NFL-101 contains a minimal amount of nicotine and is formulated from well-characterized natural tobacco leaf proteins, offering a novel approach to support individuals in overcoming their dependence on tobacco.
NFL Biosciences
Grant in 2023
NFL Biosciences is a biotechnology company focused on developing solutions for tobacco addiction. The company specializes in researching and creating medicines that utilize both botanical and pharmaceutical agents to assist smokers in their efforts to quit. Its primary product, NFL-101, is a clinically developed botanical drug designed to target smoking addiction. NFL-101 contains a minimal amount of nicotine and is formulated from well-characterized natural tobacco leaf proteins, offering a novel approach to support individuals in overcoming their dependence on tobacco.
Ervaccine Technologies
Series A in 2023
ErVaccine Technologies creates immunotherapies that integrate T-cell treatments with cancer vaccinations to meet a medical need for cold tumors. They are committed to identifying tumor epitopes that are physician. They come from endogenous retroviruses and are novel cancer epitopes. They use a bioinformatics-based strategy to find possible epitopes, which are then verified by proteomics and immunological testing.
Clarity
Pre Seed Round in 2022
Clarity is a clinical-stage company pioneering a new category of non-pharmacological treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. We develop a neuromodulation device combining immersive technology, AI and biosensors to deliver gamma sensory stimulation. Gamma waves’ sensory stimulation has been shown to significantly slow down Alzheimer's progression, reducing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Clarity takes a platform approach by enabling the customization of sensory stimulation protocols based on patient data, improving experience, efficacy and scalability across a wide range of indications. The company was founded by neuroscientists from UC Berkeley, and Oxford along with execs from OURA and Philips, and is supported by leading institutions such as UCSF's Neuroscape.
Jalon Therapeutics
Debt Financing in 2022
Jalon Therapeutics is focused on developing innovative therapies that target essential tumor signaling pathways that have not yet been addressed. The company aims to transform the lives of cancer patients by creating medicines that effectively inhibit these pathways. Through its research, Jalon Therapeutics explores the potential of non-oncogene addiction to discover new therapeutic targets and develop groundbreaking anticancer treatment strategies. The company's work is centered on improving treatment options for individuals battling cancer, ultimately striving to enhance their quality of life.
Lys Therapeutics
Debt Financing in 2022
Lys Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on developing therapies for patients with neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The company is centered around its lead product, Glunozumab, a monoclonal antibody that operates through a unique mechanism of action. This drug induces off-target toxicity by hyperactivating vascular and neuronal NMDA receptors, which can lead to significant disruptions in the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers, as well as neuronal excitotoxicity. These effects are particularly relevant in conditions such as stroke and multiple sclerosis, where the modulation of neuroinflammation is critical for treatment.
Tridek-One
Venture Round in 2022
Tridek-One is a biotechnology company focused on developing immunomodulatory products aimed at treating autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders. The company has created a peptide that preserves a cluster of truncated CD31 molecules at the membrane, allowing for the moderation of overactive immune responses without complete blockade. This innovative approach enables medical companies to provide enhanced therapeutic options, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
SparingVision
Series B in 2022
SparingVision is a biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of innovative therapies for the treatment of blinding inherited retinal diseases. SparingVision is developing SPVN06, a gene-independent treatment for retinitis pigmentosa, the most common inherited retinal degeneration. There is currently no treatment to treat all genetic forms of this rare retinal disease that leads to blindness and affects nearly 2 million people worldwide.
DeepLife
Series A in 2022
DeepLife is a biotech company based in Paris, France, founded in 2019. It focuses on developing digital twins of cells to enhance drug discovery processes. By utilizing deep learning techniques on multi-omics data, DeepLife models cellular behavior and simulates responses to various genetic screenings, such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9. This approach allows the identification of new drug targets, biomarkers, and potential drug candidates, enabling a better understanding of drug resistance and sensitivity. The company's mission is to advance systems biology and facilitate the transition of laboratory discoveries to clinical applications. DeepLife collaborates with academic institutions to leverage expertise and drive innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry, ultimately aiming to match the right drug to the right patient.
Thabor Therapeutics
Seed Round in 2022
Thabor Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative treatments for mucosal inflammatory diseases. The company targets a new class of proteins involved in the resolution of inflammation, utilizing monoclonal antibodies to address these conditions. By inhibiting specific targets implicated in early inflammatory processes and the recruitment of innate immune cells, Thabor Therapeutics aims to provide effective therapies that enable healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.
DBV Technologies
Post in 2022
DBV Technologies is a global clinical stage biopharmaceutical company founded by pediatricians and entrepreneurs who believed that food allergies could one day be treated safely and effectively. With this mission driving their commitment to the advancement of treatments in this field, they are investigating a potential new class of immunotherapy that aims to activate the immune system of patients through the skin.
Ribonexus
Grant in 2022
Ribonexus is a biotechnology company dedicated to developing innovative therapies aimed at treating cancer, particularly melanoma. The company is focused on creating a pipeline of small molecules that target the eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor-4A (eIF4A), which plays a significant role in various solid and hematologic cancers. This target is particularly relevant for addressing resistance to existing treatments, which often diminishes the effectiveness of targeted therapies. Ribonexus aims to produce drugs that can restore sensitivity to these therapies in patients who have developed resistance, thereby improving treatment outcomes in oncology.
Ribonexus
Debt Financing in 2022
Ribonexus is a biotechnology company dedicated to developing innovative therapies aimed at treating cancer, particularly melanoma. The company is focused on creating a pipeline of small molecules that target the eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor-4A (eIF4A), which plays a significant role in various solid and hematologic cancers. This target is particularly relevant for addressing resistance to existing treatments, which often diminishes the effectiveness of targeted therapies. Ribonexus aims to produce drugs that can restore sensitivity to these therapies in patients who have developed resistance, thereby improving treatment outcomes in oncology.
Priothera
Debt Financing in 2022
Priothera Ltd is a clinical-stage company based in Dublin, Ireland, with an additional location in Saint Louis, France. It specializes in the development of orally applied sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators aimed at treating haematological malignancies. The company's primary focus is on its lead product, mocravimod, which is designed to enhance the curative potential of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants. By reducing the egress of T cell subsets from lymphatic tissues, Priothera's modulators aim to provide dual inhibition of graft versus host disease while also promoting graft versus leukemia effects, ultimately improving patient outcomes in this challenging area of medicine.
Brenus Pharma
Seed Round in 2022
Brenus Pharma is an allogeneic platform to generate immune therapy ambitioning to harness patient immune system & prevent cancer resistance over treatment.
Cureety
Series A in 2022
Cureety is a telemedicine startup focused on enhancing the follow-up and care of cancer patients through its healthcare telemonitoring platform. The platform provides tools that support healthcare professionals in adjusting cancer treatments and collecting real-world data. This data collection not only aids in better patient care but also contributes to research initiatives, allowing researchers and industry stakeholders to advance their understanding and treatment of cancer. By transforming the care pathway for cancer patients, Cureety aims to improve overall patient outcomes and foster ongoing research programs in the field.
Starkage Therapeutics
Venture Round in 2022
Starkage Therapeutics is a discovery-stage biotechnology company focused on improving the quality of life for patients suffering from various health conditions. The company is developing a platform that targets the depletion of senescent cells, which are linked to age-related diseases, through a combination of immunotherapy and cancer treatment approaches. Starkage Therapeutics aims to address unmet medical needs in areas such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic dysfunction or hepatic fibrosis. Through its innovative research and therapeutic strategies, the company seeks to enhance patient health and treatment outcomes.
LYSOGENE
Post in 2021
Lysogene is a pioneer in the basic research and clinical development of gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders . Their mission is to radically improve the health of patients suffering from incurable life threatening conditions. They do this by developing AAV vectors that have demonstrated their effectiveness in safely delivering genetic material to the central nervous system.
PEP-Therapy
Debt Financing in 2021
PEP-Therapy is a biotechnology company focused on developing innovative peptide-based therapies aimed at treating severe diseases, particularly cancer. The company specializes in creating Cell Penetrating and Interfering Peptides (CP&IP), which are designed to penetrate cellular membranes and effectively block critical intracellular protein-protein interactions. By doing so, these peptides aim to inhibit essential pathological mechanisms, thereby offering targeted therapeutic options for healthcare providers. Through its research and development efforts, PEP-Therapy seeks to advance the field of targeted therapies and improve outcomes for patients facing serious health challenges.
Inotrem
Debt Financing in 2021
Inotrem S.A. is a biotechnology company that specializes in immunotherapy aimed at managing acute and chronic inflammatory syndromes. The company focuses on the TREM-1 pathway to regulate excessive inflammatory responses, utilizing its proprietary technology platform. Inotrem has developed a first-in-class TREM-1 inhibitor known as nangibotide (LR12), which shows promise in treating conditions such as septic shock and myocardial infarction. In addition to its acute inflammatory initiatives, Inotrem is also advancing a program targeting chronic inflammatory diseases, thereby expanding its therapeutic scope. Through its innovative approach, Inotrem aims to enhance treatment options for critical care patients facing a variety of inflammatory challenges.
Alentis Therapeutics
Series B in 2021
Alentis Therapeutics AG is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, focused on developing innovative therapies for advanced liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Established in 2019, Alentis is recognized for its pioneering work in targeting CLDN1+ cancers through the use of anti-CLDN1 antibody-drug conjugates and other therapeutic modalities. The company's research platform incorporates clinically relevant read-outs and single-cell RNA sequencing of patient liver tissues, which aids in understanding and treating fibrotic diseases. Alentis aims to modify and reverse disease progression, ultimately addressing significant health challenges associated with liver-related conditions.
Biophytis
Grant in 2021
Biophytis SA is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Paris, France, dedicated to developing therapeutics that aim to slow degenerative processes linked to aging and enhance functional outcomes for patients with age-related diseases. The company focuses on activating key biological resilience pathways to mitigate the effects of various biological and environmental stresses that contribute to these conditions. Biophytis has two primary drug candidates: Sarconeos (BIO101), an orally administered small molecule being developed for neuromuscular diseases such as sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Macuneos (BIO201), also an orally administered small molecule targeting retinal diseases like dry age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. The company has established a collaboration agreement with AFM-Telethon for the development of Sarconeos. Founded in 2006, Biophytis aims to become a leader in aging science by providing innovative therapies to address the needs of patients with limited treatment options.
Biophytis
Post in 2021
Biophytis SA is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Paris, France, dedicated to developing therapeutics that aim to slow degenerative processes linked to aging and enhance functional outcomes for patients with age-related diseases. The company focuses on activating key biological resilience pathways to mitigate the effects of various biological and environmental stresses that contribute to these conditions. Biophytis has two primary drug candidates: Sarconeos (BIO101), an orally administered small molecule being developed for neuromuscular diseases such as sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Macuneos (BIO201), also an orally administered small molecule targeting retinal diseases like dry age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. The company has established a collaboration agreement with AFM-Telethon for the development of Sarconeos. Founded in 2006, Biophytis aims to become a leader in aging science by providing innovative therapies to address the needs of patients with limited treatment options.
UroMems
Series B in 2021
UroMems is a company dedicated to addressing specific clinical needs related to patient care, particularly in the area of urology. It develops implantable medical devices aimed at enhancing existing surgical treatments, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. By focusing on innovative solutions, UroMems seeks to ensure that more patients can access effective treatments quickly, ultimately aiming to enhance their quality of life. The company is committed to the design, development, and commercialization of these active implantable devices, which reflect a deep understanding of the challenges faced by patients.
OncoDiag
Grant in 2021
OncoDiag is a French biotechnology company based in Normandy at one hour from Paris and Rouen cities. The company is focused on developing of non-invasive diagnostic tests for early detection of cancers. Its lead product the Urotest (CE-IVD) is a urine test for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. The company's pipeline also includes the Colodiag in development for early detection of colorectal cancer.
Argobio Studio
Funding Round in 2021
Argobio is a start-up studio focused on developing innovative therapeutic solutions and fostering the growth of biotech firms. It collaborates with leading European academic research institutes to identify and nurture early-stage projects, particularly in the areas of rare diseases, neurological disorders, oncology, and immunology. By providing financial support and operational expertise, Argobio aims to cultivate these projects before launching them as independent companies. The studio also seeks to create promising platform technologies that can lead to new therapeutic products, thereby enhancing the drug research and development process for startups in the biotechnology sector.
NovAliX
Venture Round in 2020
NovAliX is a research organization specializing in drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. It provides a range of integrated services designed to address the outsourcing needs of the pharmaceutical industry, from initial discovery through to manufacturing. Utilizing proprietary technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), X-ray protein crystallography, and advanced NMR techniques, NovAliX offers comprehensive support for small molecule drug discovery and biologics characterization. The company's collaborative approach enables clients to access a unique combination of screening, medicinal chemistry, and structural biology, facilitating the development of effective drugs. Additionally, NovAliX conducts thorough analyses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and polymorphism studies, supporting pharmaceutical development and manufacturing teams in their efforts to bring new therapies to market.
Kayentis
Venture Round in 2020
Kayentis is a global leader in electronic clinical outcome assessment (eCOA) and decentralized clinical trial solutions, dedicated to enhancing data collection processes in clinical trials for the pharmaceutical, biotech, and contract research organization sectors. Founded in 2005, the company has developed expertise in eCOA solutions applicable across all phases of clinical development, addressing over 200 indications in more than 20 therapeutic areas. To meet the evolving demands of clinical research, Kayentis offers a comprehensive suite of services that prioritize scientific integrity and patient-centric approaches. With operational capabilities spanning the USA, Europe, and Asia, the company's technology facilitates electronic data capture, providing a versatile range of tools designed to simplify data collection for both patients and clinical trial sites.
OSE Immunotherapeutics
Grant in 2020
OSE Immunotherapeutics SA is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Nantes, France, specializing in the development of innovative immunotherapies aimed at immune activation and regulation, particularly in the areas of immuno-oncology and autoimmune diseases. The company's product portfolio includes Tedopi, which is in Phase III clinical trials for lung cancer and Phase II for pancreatic cancer; BI 765063, currently in Phase I trials for solid tumors; and OSE-703, a humanized monoclonal antibody in preclinical development for various cancers. Additionally, OSE Immunotherapeutics is advancing FR104, which is in Phase I trials for rheumatoid arthritis, and OSE-127, a humanized monoclonal antibody in Phase I trials for inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The company collaborates with notable partners such as GERCOR, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, and HalioDx. OSE Immunotherapeutics was previously known as OSE Pharma SA before its name change in May 2016.
AlgoTherapeutix
Series A in 2020
AlgoTherapeutix is a biotechnology company focused on developing topical treatments for complex pain conditions, particularly those that are difficult to treat and lack proven therapies. The organization targets damaged nerve fibers in the skin, aiming to provide pain relief without the systemic side effects associated with oral medications. Currently, AlgoTherapeutix's lead product, ATX01, has received FDA approval to enter Phase 2 clinical trials for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, a painful condition resulting from cancer treatment. Additionally, the company is exploring the potential of its treatments for erythromelalgia, a rare and debilitating disorder characterized by severe pain. Through its innovative approach, AlgoTherapeutix seeks to address the specific needs of patients suffering from these challenging conditions.
erytech
Post in 2020
ERYtech Pharma specializes in the encapsulation of therapeutic molecules and enzymes in red blood cells. It has achieved a major breakthrough in the fields of cancer and enzyme therapy by significantly increasing the therapeutic index of the encapsulated molecule or enzyme.
Advicenne
Post in 2020
Advicenne is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company founded in 2007 and headquartered in Nîmes, France. The company focuses on developing and commercializing innovative treatments for unmet medical needs in nephrology, particularly targeting orphan renal diseases and niche neurology indications. Its lead drug candidate, ADV7103, is undergoing late-stage clinical trials for two specific conditions: distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and cystinuria. Advicenne aims to create pediatric-friendly therapeutics that enhance the lives of patients from early childhood through adulthood.
SparingVision
Venture Round in 2020
SparingVision is a biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of innovative therapies for the treatment of blinding inherited retinal diseases. SparingVision is developing SPVN06, a gene-independent treatment for retinitis pigmentosa, the most common inherited retinal degeneration. There is currently no treatment to treat all genetic forms of this rare retinal disease that leads to blindness and affects nearly 2 million people worldwide.
Pixium Vision
Post in 2020
Pixium Vision SA is a bioelectronics company based in Paris, France, focused on developing innovative retinal implant systems to restore vision for individuals who have lost sight due to degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Established in 2011, Pixium Vision's primary product is the PRIMA System, a bionic vision system designed to improve visual perception and promote greater independence among users. The company is advancing several devices, including the IRIS1, currently undergoing clinical trials, and the next-generation IRIS2, which aims to enhance visual acuity. Additionally, Pixium is working on the IRIS3, a sub-retinal implant that promises further improvements in vision. The company collaborates with prestigious institutions such as Stanford University, Moorfields Eye Hospital, and the Institut de la Vision, utilizing cutting-edge research in neural processing and micro-electronics to drive its innovations. Pixium Vision is supported by a consortium of prominent European venture capital firms.
Ona Therapeutics
Series A in 2020
Ona Therapeutics, S.L. is a biotechnology company based in Barcelona, Spain, founded in 2019 by Salvador Aznar-Benitah and Valerie Vanhooren. The company focuses on the discovery and development of therapeutic biologics aimed at targeting tumor metastatic-initiating cells and lipid metabolism. Ona Therapeutics develops therapies that block fat metabolism pathways in animal models of cancer and inhibit cells responsible for metastasis. This approach holds the potential to prevent the development of malignant tumors and eliminate existing ones, allowing healthcare institutions to address various metastatic cancers, including those of the oral cavity, breast, ovary, stomach, bladder, prostate, and melanoma.
UroMems
Debt Financing in 2020
UroMems is a company dedicated to addressing specific clinical needs related to patient care, particularly in the area of urology. It develops implantable medical devices aimed at enhancing existing surgical treatments, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. By focusing on innovative solutions, UroMems seeks to ensure that more patients can access effective treatments quickly, ultimately aiming to enhance their quality of life. The company is committed to the design, development, and commercialization of these active implantable devices, which reflect a deep understanding of the challenges faced by patients.
UroMems
Series B in 2020
UroMems is a company dedicated to addressing specific clinical needs related to patient care, particularly in the area of urology. It develops implantable medical devices aimed at enhancing existing surgical treatments, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. By focusing on innovative solutions, UroMems seeks to ensure that more patients can access effective treatments quickly, ultimately aiming to enhance their quality of life. The company is committed to the design, development, and commercialization of these active implantable devices, which reflect a deep understanding of the challenges faced by patients.
Dynacure
Series C in 2020
Dynacure is a clinical-stage drug development company dedicated to enhancing the lives of patients with rare and orphan diseases. The company is advancing its lead product, DYN101, an investigational antisense medicine aimed at modulating the expression of dynamin 2 to treat Centronuclear Myopathies, in collaboration with Ionis Pharmaceuticals. In addition to DYN101, Dynacure is developing a complementary research portfolio that targets various other orphan disorders, including a program focused on hereditary spastic paraplegias linked to specific genetic mutations. Through its innovative approach and expertise in rare disease drug development, Dynacure seeks to address significant unmet medical needs in this underserved patient population.
Cureety
Seed Round in 2020
Cureety is a telemedicine startup focused on enhancing the follow-up and care of cancer patients through its healthcare telemonitoring platform. The platform provides tools that support healthcare professionals in adjusting cancer treatments and collecting real-world data. This data collection not only aids in better patient care but also contributes to research initiatives, allowing researchers and industry stakeholders to advance their understanding and treatment of cancer. By transforming the care pathway for cancer patients, Cureety aims to improve overall patient outcomes and foster ongoing research programs in the field.
Deinove
Post in 2020
Deinove SA is a biotechnology company based in Grabels, France, focused on discovering, developing, and producing microbial-derived compounds for the health, nutrition, and cosmetics sectors. The company is advancing its portfolio of antibiotic candidates, including DNV3837, which is currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for treating Clostridioides difficile infections. In the cosmetics arena, Deinove offers various bioactive ingredients such as PHYT-N-Resist, Luminity, HEBELYS, and BIOME Oléoactif, which serve functions ranging from anti-aging to balancing skin microbiota. Additionally, Deinove is exploring processes for producing natural ingredients for animal feed. The company has established partnerships with several organizations, including bioMérieux and the Institut Pasteur, to enhance its research and development initiatives. Founded in 2006, Deinove is committed to leveraging its bacterial biodiversity to create sustainable solutions across multiple industries.
Urania Therapeutics
Seed Round in 2020
Urania Therapeutics company is developing a unique SBDD platform for the generation of new readthrough compounds with high potential in cancer and monogenic disorders.
VectivBio
Series A in 2020
VectivBio AG is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Basel, Switzerland, founded in 2019 as a spinout from Therachon. The company specializes in developing innovative treatments for severe rare diseases with significant unmet medical needs. Its primary product candidate, Apraglutide, is a long-acting synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) designed to enhance the intestine's ability to absorb fluids and nutrients, thereby reducing the reliance on parenteral support. VectivBio aims to deliver transformational therapies that significantly improve the lives of patients and their families, rather than offering only incremental benefits over existing treatments.
AlgoTherapeutix
Seed Round in 2019
AlgoTherapeutix is a biotechnology company focused on developing topical treatments for complex pain conditions, particularly those that are difficult to treat and lack proven therapies. The organization targets damaged nerve fibers in the skin, aiming to provide pain relief without the systemic side effects associated with oral medications. Currently, AlgoTherapeutix's lead product, ATX01, has received FDA approval to enter Phase 2 clinical trials for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, a painful condition resulting from cancer treatment. Additionally, the company is exploring the potential of its treatments for erythromelalgia, a rare and debilitating disorder characterized by severe pain. Through its innovative approach, AlgoTherapeutix seeks to address the specific needs of patients suffering from these challenging conditions.
Exeliom
Grant in 2019
Exeliom is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Dijon, France, focused on developing innovative microbial therapies that utilize commensal bacteria as therapeutic agents. Founded in 2016, Exeliom aims to unlock the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota to enhance health and longevity. The company specializes in creating a new class of medicines known as Live Biotherapeutics, which are designed to deliver microbiome-based immunotherapy for conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer, with an initial focus on Crohn's Disease. By harnessing the role of microbiota in the immune system, Exeliom strives to provide patients with advanced treatments that improve their quality of life.
Amolyt Pharma
Series A in 2019
Amolyt Pharma is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing peptide-based therapies for rare endocrine and metabolic disorders. The company's key programs include AZP-3601, a parathyroid hormone analog aimed at treating hypoparathyroidism by maintaining sustained calcium levels in the blood, and AZP-3404, a novel peptide designed to improve fat and glucose metabolism. By addressing severe insulin resistance and other critical metabolic conditions, Amolyt Pharma aims to provide effective treatment options for patients facing these rare disorders.
Alentis Therapeutics
Series A in 2019
Alentis Therapeutics AG is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, focused on developing innovative therapies for advanced liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Established in 2019, Alentis is recognized for its pioneering work in targeting CLDN1+ cancers through the use of anti-CLDN1 antibody-drug conjugates and other therapeutic modalities. The company's research platform incorporates clinically relevant read-outs and single-cell RNA sequencing of patient liver tissues, which aids in understanding and treating fibrotic diseases. Alentis aims to modify and reverse disease progression, ultimately addressing significant health challenges associated with liver-related conditions.
NH TherAguix
Series A in 2019
NH TherAguix SAS is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company based in Villeurbanne, France, focused on developing nanomedicines for cancer treatment, specifically utilizing radiotherapy. The company's lead product, AGuIX, is a theranostic nanoparticle designed to enhance the localization of solid tumors and improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy. AGuIX allows for the determination of optimal irradiation timing and is capable of treating radioresistant cancers while minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues, thereby reducing secondary effects. Founded in 2015, NH TherAguix is dedicated to advancing innovative solutions in cancer care through its pioneering research and development efforts.
Deinove
Post in 2019
Deinove SA is a biotechnology company based in Grabels, France, focused on discovering, developing, and producing microbial-derived compounds for the health, nutrition, and cosmetics sectors. The company is advancing its portfolio of antibiotic candidates, including DNV3837, which is currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for treating Clostridioides difficile infections. In the cosmetics arena, Deinove offers various bioactive ingredients such as PHYT-N-Resist, Luminity, HEBELYS, and BIOME Oléoactif, which serve functions ranging from anti-aging to balancing skin microbiota. Additionally, Deinove is exploring processes for producing natural ingredients for animal feed. The company has established partnerships with several organizations, including bioMérieux and the Institut Pasteur, to enhance its research and development initiatives. Founded in 2006, Deinove is committed to leveraging its bacterial biodiversity to create sustainable solutions across multiple industries.
C4Diagnostics
Seed Round in 2018
C4Diagnostics specializes in the development and commercialization of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits utilizing its proprietary technology. The company focuses on creating medical devices and equipment that enhance the speed and sensitivity of diagnostic tests. One of its primary offerings includes solutions for urinary tract infection screening, which reliably detects, counts, and concentrates culturable microorganisms relevant to clinical microbiology. This capability allows hospitals and laboratories to conduct culture-based IVD tests with improved accuracy and efficiency, contributing to better patient outcomes in diagnostic processes.
ENYO Pharma
Series B in 2018
ENYO Pharma SA is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company based in Lyon, France, that focuses on the discovery and development of innovative treatments for acute and chronic viral infections. Established in 2014 by a team of scientists from the Infectiology Research Center, the company utilizes a proprietary platform to identify intracellular therapeutic targets and develop small molecule therapeutics. ENYO Pharma's research primarily targets significant human infecting viruses, with current programs aimed at treating chronic hepatitis B and severe influenza. The company's pipeline includes a lead compound, EYP001, which modulates FXR to reduce the cccDNA reservoir and inhibit the expression of viral proteins, along with EYP002, which is in preclinical studies. With an emphasis on addressing unmet medical needs in infectious diseases and metabolic disorders, ENYO Pharma has established collaborations with prominent research institutions to enhance its drug development efforts.
TxCell
Post in 2018
TxCell S.A. is a biotechnology company based in Valbonne, France, specializing in the development of cellular immunotherapies utilizing regulatory T cells (Tregs) to address severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The company's innovative therapies include TX200, a CAR-Treg-based treatment aimed at preventing graft rejection in solid organ transplantation. TxCell is also focused on developing CAR-Treg therapies for conditions such as bullous pemphigoid, multiple sclerosis, and refractory Crohn's disease, with ongoing clinical studies demonstrating promising results. The company collaborates with various research institutions, including the Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and the University of British Columbia, to enhance its research and development efforts. Additionally, TxCell is a subsidiary of Sangamo Therapeutics, having transitioned from its origins as a spin-off of Inserm, France's National Institute for Health and Medical Research.
OSE Immunotherapeutics
Grant in 2017
OSE Immunotherapeutics SA is a clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Nantes, France, specializing in the development of innovative immunotherapies aimed at immune activation and regulation, particularly in the areas of immuno-oncology and autoimmune diseases. The company's product portfolio includes Tedopi, which is in Phase III clinical trials for lung cancer and Phase II for pancreatic cancer; BI 765063, currently in Phase I trials for solid tumors; and OSE-703, a humanized monoclonal antibody in preclinical development for various cancers. Additionally, OSE Immunotherapeutics is advancing FR104, which is in Phase I trials for rheumatoid arthritis, and OSE-127, a humanized monoclonal antibody in Phase I trials for inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The company collaborates with notable partners such as GERCOR, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, and HalioDx. OSE Immunotherapeutics was previously known as OSE Pharma SA before its name change in May 2016.
Advicenne
Private Equity Round in 2017
Advicenne is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company founded in 2007 and headquartered in Nîmes, France. The company focuses on developing and commercializing innovative treatments for unmet medical needs in nephrology, particularly targeting orphan renal diseases and niche neurology indications. Its lead drug candidate, ADV7103, is undergoing late-stage clinical trials for two specific conditions: distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and cystinuria. Advicenne aims to create pediatric-friendly therapeutics that enhance the lives of patients from early childhood through adulthood.
TxCell
Post in 2017
TxCell S.A. is a biotechnology company based in Valbonne, France, specializing in the development of cellular immunotherapies utilizing regulatory T cells (Tregs) to address severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The company's innovative therapies include TX200, a CAR-Treg-based treatment aimed at preventing graft rejection in solid organ transplantation. TxCell is also focused on developing CAR-Treg therapies for conditions such as bullous pemphigoid, multiple sclerosis, and refractory Crohn's disease, with ongoing clinical studies demonstrating promising results. The company collaborates with various research institutions, including the Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and the University of British Columbia, to enhance its research and development efforts. Additionally, TxCell is a subsidiary of Sangamo Therapeutics, having transitioned from its origins as a spin-off of Inserm, France's National Institute for Health and Medical Research.
UroMems
Series A in 2016
UroMems is a company dedicated to addressing specific clinical needs related to patient care, particularly in the area of urology. It develops implantable medical devices aimed at enhancing existing surgical treatments, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. By focusing on innovative solutions, UroMems seeks to ensure that more patients can access effective treatments quickly, ultimately aiming to enhance their quality of life. The company is committed to the design, development, and commercialization of these active implantable devices, which reflect a deep understanding of the challenges faced by patients.
MedDay
Series B in 2016
MedDay is an international pioneering fully integrated biopharmaceutical company. At MedDay, they believe that it is possible to treat neurodegenerative diseases by targeting key neurometabolic pathways. They strive to develop neuro repair disease modifying therapies and to provide solutions to patients, their caregivers and the healthcare community, in order to improve patient care in areas of high unmet medical need. Promising clinical trial outcomes have encouraged us to date, and are continuing to drive us to pursue this direction. In daring to explore disrupted metabolic pathways in the central nervous system, their teams push the limits to improve future treatment options for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
Neovacs
Post in 2016
Neovacs is a biotechnology company established in 1993 as a spin-off from Pierre & Marie Curie University in Paris, founded by Professor Daniel Zagury, a prominent immunologist. The company specializes in developing therapeutic vaccines, known as "Kinoids," aimed at treating various conditions, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. Neovacs is recognized for its innovative approach to vaccine development, focusing on creating therapeutic vaccines that stimulate a robust natural polyclonal antibody response, in contrast to conventional treatments that utilize monoclonal antibodies. With a comprehensive patent portfolio, Neovacs is at the forefront of advancing novel therapeutic solutions to combat diseases related to cytokines and immunosuppressive viral proteins.
Theravectys
Grant in 2015
Theravectys is a biotechnology company focused on developing a novel vaccine platform aimed at treating and preventing a wide array of infectious diseases, cancers, and other medical conditions. The company’s innovative vaccination technology utilizes gene transfer into dendritic cells to modulate the immune response, enhancing the effectiveness of both prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapies. Their lead product, a therapeutic vaccine targeting HIV/AIDS, has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in non-human primate studies and is set to enter clinical trials. Through its diverse pipeline, Theravectys aims to provide healthcare providers with advanced treatment options that elicit a potent and targeted immune response in patients.
Amolyt Pharma
Series A in 2014
Amolyt Pharma is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing peptide-based therapies for rare endocrine and metabolic disorders. The company's key programs include AZP-3601, a parathyroid hormone analog aimed at treating hypoparathyroidism by maintaining sustained calcium levels in the blood, and AZP-3404, a novel peptide designed to improve fat and glucose metabolism. By addressing severe insulin resistance and other critical metabolic conditions, Amolyt Pharma aims to provide effective treatment options for patients facing these rare disorders.
Voluntis
Series D in 2014
Voluntis, Inc. is a healthcare software company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that specializes in developing digital therapeutic solutions for various medical conditions, including diabetes and oncology. Founded in 2001, Voluntis provides innovative tools such as Insulia, which offers personalized insulin dose recommendations for type 2 diabetes patients, and Diabeo, designed for type 1 and type 2 patients on basal-bolus insulin regimens. These solutions utilize algorithmic calculations tailored to individual patient needs, incorporating real-time data like blood glucose levels. The company aims to enhance patient monitoring and support by leveraging advanced information and communication technologies. With over 600,000 patients managed and more than 50 programs deployed, Voluntis emphasizes a patient-centric approach to healthcare, striving to improve medical outcomes and healthcare system efficiency through its digital health solutions.
Nanobiotix
Grant in 2013
Nanobiotix SA develops nanomedicine programs for the treatment of cancer. The company provides NanoXray that offers a solution for cancer therapy based on a technology that is designed to allow destruction of cancer cells by inert particles. Its products include magnetic particles and laser activated nanoparticles for the treatment and diagnostic of cancer.
Onxeo
Post in 2013
Onxeo is a biotechnology company that develops drugs for oncology. It offers Beleodaq, a histone deactylase inhibitor for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma; Livatag, a nanoparticle formulation of doxorubicin, which is in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of primary liver cancer; Validive, a mucoadhesive buccal tablet that is in Phase II clinical trials for the prevention and the treatment of chemoradioation therapy-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer; and Combo BelCHOP, which is Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Onxeo is headquartered in Paris, France.
Nanobiotix
Series E in 2013
Nanobiotix SA develops nanomedicine programs for the treatment of cancer. The company provides NanoXray that offers a solution for cancer therapy based on a technology that is designed to allow destruction of cancer cells by inert particles. Its products include magnetic particles and laser activated nanoparticles for the treatment and diagnostic of cancer.
Nanobiotix
Seed Round in 2005
Nanobiotix SA develops nanomedicine programs for the treatment of cancer. The company provides NanoXray that offers a solution for cancer therapy based on a technology that is designed to allow destruction of cancer cells by inert particles. Its products include magnetic particles and laser activated nanoparticles for the treatment and diagnostic of cancer.
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