Tailscale
Series C in 2025
Founded in 2019, Tailscale Inc. specializes in developing corporate virtual private network (VPN) software that enables secure remote access for teams of any size. Its platform leverages WireGuard's Noise protocol encryption to provide minimal configuration, automatic key management, and identity provider integration, helping IT professionals and organizations replace legacy VPNs and simplify secure network operations.
Vega Security
Series A in 2025
Vega Security is a cybersecurity firm specializing in detecting cyberattacks. Operating discreetly, it offers services to help businesses identify and respond to potential threats in their digital environments.
Tines Security Services
Series C in 2025
Founded in 2018, Tines develops a cloud-based no-code workflow automation platform tailored for security teams. It enables users to build, run, and monitor automated processes across various software applications without requiring additional integrations or custom code.
Corelight
Series E in 2024
Corelight, Inc. is a provider of network visibility solutions aimed at enhancing cybersecurity for enterprises, government entities, and educational institutions. Founded in 2013 and headquartered in San Francisco, California, the company develops a suite of products that includes Corelight sensors and a fleet management system. Its flagship offering is based on Bro, an open-source network analysis framework that delivers actionable, real-time data, enabling security professionals to comprehensively understand network traffic and effectively detect and mitigate cyber threats. In addition to its headquarters, Corelight maintains offices in Santa Clara, California, and Columbus, Ohio, further supporting its commitment to improving network security across various sectors.
Tines Security Services
Series B in 2024
Founded in 2018, Tines develops a cloud-based no-code workflow automation platform tailored for security teams. It enables users to build, run, and monitor automated processes across various software applications without requiring additional integrations or custom code.
Akto is an API security platform that helps organizations discover APIs quickly, test them, and identify weaknesses in business logic. It protects both managed and unmanaged APIs in real time, detects vulnerabilities and misconfigurations before exploitation, and automates security testing to prevent runtime threats.
Akto is an API security platform that helps organizations discover APIs quickly, test them, and identify weaknesses in business logic. It protects both managed and unmanaged APIs in real time, detects vulnerabilities and misconfigurations before exploitation, and automates security testing to prevent runtime threats.
Tines Security Services
Series B in 2022
Founded in 2018, Tines develops a cloud-based no-code workflow automation platform tailored for security teams. It enables users to build, run, and monitor automated processes across various software applications without requiring additional integrations or custom code.
Acalvio Technologies
Series D in 2022
Acalvio specializes in cyber deception technology, offering robust solutions such as Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR), Advanced Threat Detection, OT Security, Zero Trust, Active Directory Protection, and Ransomware Protection. Its patented ShadowPlex Cyber Deception Platform serves Fortune 500 enterprises and government agencies, deployable on-premises, in the cloud, or via managed service providers.
Tailscale
Series B in 2022
Founded in 2019, Tailscale Inc. specializes in developing corporate virtual private network (VPN) software that enables secure remote access for teams of any size. Its platform leverages WireGuard's Noise protocol encryption to provide minimal configuration, automatic key management, and identity provider integration, helping IT professionals and organizations replace legacy VPNs and simplify secure network operations.
BizCarta India
Venture Round in 2022
BizCarta India provides cyber security consulting services. They also provide identity and access management, enterprise risk and compliance management, application security, network security, and endpoint security services.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Tines Security Services
Series B in 2021
Founded in 2018, Tines develops a cloud-based no-code workflow automation platform tailored for security teams. It enables users to build, run, and monitor automated processes across various software applications without requiring additional integrations or custom code.
Tailscale
Series A in 2020
Founded in 2019, Tailscale Inc. specializes in developing corporate virtual private network (VPN) software that enables secure remote access for teams of any size. Its platform leverages WireGuard's Noise protocol encryption to provide minimal configuration, automatic key management, and identity provider integration, helping IT professionals and organizations replace legacy VPNs and simplify secure network operations.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Tines Security Services
Series A in 2019
Founded in 2018, Tines develops a cloud-based no-code workflow automation platform tailored for security teams. It enables users to build, run, and monitor automated processes across various software applications without requiring additional integrations or custom code.
Corelight
Series C in 2019
Corelight, Inc. is a provider of network visibility solutions aimed at enhancing cybersecurity for enterprises, government entities, and educational institutions. Founded in 2013 and headquartered in San Francisco, California, the company develops a suite of products that includes Corelight sensors and a fleet management system. Its flagship offering is based on Bro, an open-source network analysis framework that delivers actionable, real-time data, enabling security professionals to comprehensively understand network traffic and effectively detect and mitigate cyber threats. In addition to its headquarters, Corelight maintains offices in Santa Clara, California, and Columbus, Ohio, further supporting its commitment to improving network security across various sectors.
Acalvio Technologies
Series C in 2019
Acalvio specializes in cyber deception technology, offering robust solutions such as Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR), Advanced Threat Detection, OT Security, Zero Trust, Active Directory Protection, and Ransomware Protection. Its patented ShadowPlex Cyber Deception Platform serves Fortune 500 enterprises and government agencies, deployable on-premises, in the cloud, or via managed service providers.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Pango
Venture Round in 2018
Pango is a global privacy and security company that develops digital security solutions for individuals, families, and businesses. Its product portfolio includes tools for online safety such as a secure VPN, password management, device protection, and identity protection, with additional features designed to manage online content and secure applications. The company emphasizes ongoing innovation to deliver strong security, privacy, and a high-quality user experience. Headquartered in Menlo Park, California, Pango has evolved from AnchorFree and operates to safeguard internet activity and personal data across devices and networks.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Corelight
Series A in 2017
Corelight, Inc. is a provider of network visibility solutions aimed at enhancing cybersecurity for enterprises, government entities, and educational institutions. Founded in 2013 and headquartered in San Francisco, California, the company develops a suite of products that includes Corelight sensors and a fleet management system. Its flagship offering is based on Bro, an open-source network analysis framework that delivers actionable, real-time data, enabling security professionals to comprehensively understand network traffic and effectively detect and mitigate cyber threats. In addition to its headquarters, Corelight maintains offices in Santa Clara, California, and Columbus, Ohio, further supporting its commitment to improving network security across various sectors.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Acalvio Technologies
Series A in 2015
Acalvio specializes in cyber deception technology, offering robust solutions such as Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR), Advanced Threat Detection, OT Security, Zero Trust, Active Directory Protection, and Ransomware Protection. Its patented ShadowPlex Cyber Deception Platform serves Fortune 500 enterprises and government agencies, deployable on-premises, in the cloud, or via managed service providers.
Sysdig develops real-time cloud security platforms that instantly detect and mitigate risks without hindering business operations. Its platform combines runtime insights, AI architecture, and integrations to uncover hidden attack paths, enabling security teams to prioritize critical threats effectively.
Aorato is a cybersecurity company that specializes in protecting organizations' Active Directory environments through advanced behavioral analysis. Its Directory Services Application Firewall (DAF) leverages the central role of Active Directory to safeguard against sophisticated targeted attacks by automatically learning, profiling, and predicting the behavior of various entities, including users, devices, and servers. Unlike traditional security measures that focus solely on privileged accounts, Aorato's approach emphasizes the need to monitor all types of entities within the network. DAF effectively identifies suspicious activities while remaining non-intrusive and transparent to the existing Active Directory infrastructure, providing a comprehensive layer of protection tailored to the unique behavioral context of the organization.
Impermium
Seed Round in 2011
Impermium is a cybersecurity technology startup that specializes in protecting online platforms from cybercrime. The company offers a risk-evaluation platform designed to monitor the web in real-time, effectively addressing issues such as user-generated spam, account hacking, and fraudulent interactions. With a focus on enhancing account management, Impermium successfully identifies fraudulent registrations, compromised logins, and risky transactions. Its advanced technology employs a combination of machine learning, statistical anomaly detection, and a proprietary database of known malicious actors, enabling it to stop fraudulent user account registrations in real-time. Over its three-year history, Impermium has protected more than 1.5 million websites and processed over 8 billion transactions, serving many of the largest consumer Internet companies.
Altor Networks
Series B in 2010
Altor Networks specializes in providing virtualization security solutions that enhance the security of virtualized environments, particularly in data centers and internal clouds. The company's flagship product, the Altor VF virtual firewall, delivers granular control and visibility over virtual network traffic, significantly improving the security posture of virtual servers while minimizing administrative burdens. This technology is designed to support multiple virtualization platforms, allowing enterprises to maintain flexibility in their technology choices. Key features of Altor's solutions include the enforcement of rule-based security policies on individual or groups of virtual machines, protection of virtual machines during migration events without disrupting connections, and the ability to monitor traffic for intrusion detection purposes. By automatically applying default security policies to new or rogue virtual machines, Altor Networks empowers organizations to safeguard their virtualized networks effectively against potential threats.
ForeScout Technologies
Series E in 2008
ForeScout Technologies is a leader in providing network access control and policy compliance management solutions, focusing on enhancing security through visibility. The company specializes in agentless identification and management of traditional and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as they connect to networks. By integrating its platform with existing security tools, ForeScout enables Global 2000 enterprises and government agencies to improve incident response and streamline workflows. Its offerings assist various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and utilities, by accurately classifying risks, identifying anomalies, and promptly addressing cyber threats while ensuring the continuity of critical business operations. The company's technology plays a crucial role in transforming the security landscape by making previously hidden devices visible and manageable.
Mu Dynamics
Series C in 2008
Mu Dynamics is a provider of proactive service assurance solutions aimed at network operators, product suppliers, government agencies, and network vendors. The company focuses on enhancing the quality, reliability, and robustness of networks, enabling operators to minimize downtime and maintain revenue-critical next-generation IP services. Its flagship offering, the Service Analyzer, serves as a comprehensive platform that identifies vulnerabilities within IP-based applications and networks. This tool generates actionable remediation information to address identified weaknesses and verifies the effectiveness of implemented fixes through an integrated regression database. By addressing issues proactively, Mu Dynamics helps clients reduce customer churn and avoid the costs associated with service interruptions.
Imperva, Inc. is a cybersecurity company based in Redwood Shores, California, that specializes in protecting critical business data and applications across cloud and on-premises environments. Founded in 2002, Imperva develops a range of security solutions, including its SecureSphere product line, which offers database, file, and web application security. The company’s services also include Incapsula, which provides cloud-based website security and distributed denial of service protection, as well as ThreatRadar for crowdsourced security intelligence. Additionally, CounterBreach safeguards enterprise data against loss from compromised users, and Imperva Camouflage Data Masking allows for the secure use of sensitive information in development and testing. Imperva serves various sectors, including finance, healthcare, retail, and telecommunications, through a network of distributors and resellers, while also offering ongoing support and professional services.
Altor Networks
Series A in 2008
Altor Networks specializes in providing virtualization security solutions that enhance the security of virtualized environments, particularly in data centers and internal clouds. The company's flagship product, the Altor VF virtual firewall, delivers granular control and visibility over virtual network traffic, significantly improving the security posture of virtual servers while minimizing administrative burdens. This technology is designed to support multiple virtualization platforms, allowing enterprises to maintain flexibility in their technology choices. Key features of Altor's solutions include the enforcement of rule-based security policies on individual or groups of virtual machines, protection of virtual machines during migration events without disrupting connections, and the ability to monitor traffic for intrusion detection purposes. By automatically applying default security policies to new or rogue virtual machines, Altor Networks empowers organizations to safeguard their virtualized networks effectively against potential threats.
ForeScout Technologies
Series D in 2007
ForeScout Technologies is a leader in providing network access control and policy compliance management solutions, focusing on enhancing security through visibility. The company specializes in agentless identification and management of traditional and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as they connect to networks. By integrating its platform with existing security tools, ForeScout enables Global 2000 enterprises and government agencies to improve incident response and streamline workflows. Its offerings assist various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and utilities, by accurately classifying risks, identifying anomalies, and promptly addressing cyber threats while ensuring the continuity of critical business operations. The company's technology plays a crucial role in transforming the security landscape by making previously hidden devices visible and manageable.
ConSentry Networks
Series E in 2007
ConSentry Networks is leading the delivery of intelligent control. Customers around the globe have adopted their intelligent control, enabling them to capitalize on today's new business practices including using contractors, outsourcing and offshoring, and more rapidly establishing working partnerships.
ConSentry Networks, Inc. was founded in 2003 and is based in Milpitas, California. The company has received funding from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, INVESCO Private Capital, and Translink Capital.
Trapeze Networks
Series D in 2006
Trapeze Networks is a provider of wireless local area network (WLAN) solutions designed to enhance mobility for the enterprise workforce. The company specializes in delivering robust and scalable WLAN infrastructure that ensures high levels of reliability, performance, security, and management for demanding mobile applications, including data, voice, video, and real-time location services. Trapeze Networks offers innovative systems that address the limitations of traditional WLANs through advanced switching technology, integrating both centralized and distributed data forwarding. This enables businesses to optimize their daily operations and meet the evolving needs of a mobile-centric environment.
ConSentry Networks
Series D in 2006
ConSentry Networks is leading the delivery of intelligent control. Customers around the globe have adopted their intelligent control, enabling them to capitalize on today's new business practices including using contractors, outsourcing and offshoring, and more rapidly establishing working partnerships.
ConSentry Networks, Inc. was founded in 2003 and is based in Milpitas, California. The company has received funding from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, INVESCO Private Capital, and Translink Capital.
Mu Dynamics
Series B in 2006
Mu Dynamics is a provider of proactive service assurance solutions aimed at network operators, product suppliers, government agencies, and network vendors. The company focuses on enhancing the quality, reliability, and robustness of networks, enabling operators to minimize downtime and maintain revenue-critical next-generation IP services. Its flagship offering, the Service Analyzer, serves as a comprehensive platform that identifies vulnerabilities within IP-based applications and networks. This tool generates actionable remediation information to address identified weaknesses and verifies the effectiveness of implemented fixes through an integrated regression database. By addressing issues proactively, Mu Dynamics helps clients reduce customer churn and avoid the costs associated with service interruptions.
Imperva, Inc. is a cybersecurity company based in Redwood Shores, California, that specializes in protecting critical business data and applications across cloud and on-premises environments. Founded in 2002, Imperva develops a range of security solutions, including its SecureSphere product line, which offers database, file, and web application security. The company’s services also include Incapsula, which provides cloud-based website security and distributed denial of service protection, as well as ThreatRadar for crowdsourced security intelligence. Additionally, CounterBreach safeguards enterprise data against loss from compromised users, and Imperva Camouflage Data Masking allows for the secure use of sensitive information in development and testing. Imperva serves various sectors, including finance, healthcare, retail, and telecommunications, through a network of distributors and resellers, while also offering ongoing support and professional services.
Reactivity
Venture Round in 2006
Reactivity was a technology company that specialized in securing, accelerating, and managing XML and Web service environments for enterprises. Founded in 1998 and based in Belmont, California, the company developed various products, including XML Infrastructure appliances that integrated hardware with an XML operating system. Its offerings included a Manager tool that allowed professionals to define policies and monitor compliance, Gateway-D, a desktop solution for developers and testers, and Gatekeeper, which provided security for XML Web services. Reactivity's innovative solutions aimed to enhance the reliability and performance of XML-based applications. In 2007, the company was acquired by Cisco.
ForeScout Technologies
Series D in 2005
ForeScout Technologies is a leader in providing network access control and policy compliance management solutions, focusing on enhancing security through visibility. The company specializes in agentless identification and management of traditional and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as they connect to networks. By integrating its platform with existing security tools, ForeScout enables Global 2000 enterprises and government agencies to improve incident response and streamline workflows. Its offerings assist various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and utilities, by accurately classifying risks, identifying anomalies, and promptly addressing cyber threats while ensuring the continuity of critical business operations. The company's technology plays a crucial role in transforming the security landscape by making previously hidden devices visible and manageable.
ConSentry Networks
Series C in 2005
ConSentry Networks is leading the delivery of intelligent control. Customers around the globe have adopted their intelligent control, enabling them to capitalize on today's new business practices including using contractors, outsourcing and offshoring, and more rapidly establishing working partnerships.
ConSentry Networks, Inc. was founded in 2003 and is based in Milpitas, California. The company has received funding from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, INVESCO Private Capital, and Translink Capital.
Trapeze Networks
Series C in 2005
Trapeze Networks is a provider of wireless local area network (WLAN) solutions designed to enhance mobility for the enterprise workforce. The company specializes in delivering robust and scalable WLAN infrastructure that ensures high levels of reliability, performance, security, and management for demanding mobile applications, including data, voice, video, and real-time location services. Trapeze Networks offers innovative systems that address the limitations of traditional WLANs through advanced switching technology, integrating both centralized and distributed data forwarding. This enables businesses to optimize their daily operations and meet the evolving needs of a mobile-centric environment.
Trapeze Networks
Series C in 2005
Trapeze Networks is a provider of wireless local area network (WLAN) solutions designed to enhance mobility for the enterprise workforce. The company specializes in delivering robust and scalable WLAN infrastructure that ensures high levels of reliability, performance, security, and management for demanding mobile applications, including data, voice, video, and real-time location services. Trapeze Networks offers innovative systems that address the limitations of traditional WLANs through advanced switching technology, integrating both centralized and distributed data forwarding. This enables businesses to optimize their daily operations and meet the evolving needs of a mobile-centric environment.
Webroot is a cybersecurity company that delivers cloud-based threat detection and protection for consumers, businesses, and enterprises. It provides real-time Internet threat protection through the BrightCloud security intelligence platform and the SecureAnywhere suite for endpoints, mobile devices, and corporate networks. Its offerings cover protection against viruses, spyware, phishing, identity theft, social network threats, and unsafe websites, complemented by BrightCloud Security Services such as web and file reputation, real-time anti-phishing, and mobile security SDKs. The company also offers Webroot WiFi Security, a VPN for securing WiFi connections, and BrightCloud research and analysis services that provide market insights and security reports. Webroot serves network and mobile providers, MSPs, small businesses, and larger customers with threat intelligence derived from cloud-based data. Founded in 1997, Webroot is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado.
Mu Dynamics
Series A in 2005
Mu Dynamics is a provider of proactive service assurance solutions aimed at network operators, product suppliers, government agencies, and network vendors. The company focuses on enhancing the quality, reliability, and robustness of networks, enabling operators to minimize downtime and maintain revenue-critical next-generation IP services. Its flagship offering, the Service Analyzer, serves as a comprehensive platform that identifies vulnerabilities within IP-based applications and networks. This tool generates actionable remediation information to address identified weaknesses and verifies the effectiveness of implemented fixes through an integrated regression database. By addressing issues proactively, Mu Dynamics helps clients reduce customer churn and avoid the costs associated with service interruptions.
Kagoor Networks
Series D in 2004
Kagoor Networks is a leading provider of session border control technology aimed at facilitating the delivery of Internet Protocol communications services. The company specializes in addressing the technical challenges that carriers typically encounter at the borders of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks. With its extensive technical expertise, Kagoor offers a range of solutions that enhance interoperability, security, network address translation, bandwidth management, and service level assurance. Their flagship products include the VoiceFlow series of session border controllers, which are designed to meet the evolving needs of the telecommunications industry and ensure compliance with regulatory standards.
ConSentry Networks
Series B in 2004
ConSentry Networks is leading the delivery of intelligent control. Customers around the globe have adopted their intelligent control, enabling them to capitalize on today's new business practices including using contractors, outsourcing and offshoring, and more rapidly establishing working partnerships.
ConSentry Networks, Inc. was founded in 2003 and is based in Milpitas, California. The company has received funding from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, INVESCO Private Capital, and Translink Capital.
Raytheon BBN Technologies
Venture Round in 2004
Started in 1948 by MIT professors, BBN Technologies has churned out technologies ranging from packet switching (1969) to the first network email (1971) to the first router (1976). The legendary R&D organization changed hands several times, most recently being acquired by Raytheon on September 1, 2009, following a management-led buyout from Verizon five years earlier. With expertise spanning information security, speech and language processing, networking, distributed systems, and sensing and control systems, BBN scientists and engineers have amassed a substantial collection of innovations and patented solutions.
Reactivity
Venture Round in 2003
Reactivity was a technology company that specialized in securing, accelerating, and managing XML and Web service environments for enterprises. Founded in 1998 and based in Belmont, California, the company developed various products, including XML Infrastructure appliances that integrated hardware with an XML operating system. Its offerings included a Manager tool that allowed professionals to define policies and monitor compliance, Gateway-D, a desktop solution for developers and testers, and Gatekeeper, which provided security for XML Web services. Reactivity's innovative solutions aimed to enhance the reliability and performance of XML-based applications. In 2007, the company was acquired by Cisco.
Counterpane Internet Security
Series D in 2003
Counterpane delivers Managed Security Monitoring to some of the best-known corporations in e-commerce, finance, healthcare, hosting, insurance, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and transportation.
ForeScout Technologies
Series C in 2002
ForeScout Technologies is a leader in providing network access control and policy compliance management solutions, focusing on enhancing security through visibility. The company specializes in agentless identification and management of traditional and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as they connect to networks. By integrating its platform with existing security tools, ForeScout enables Global 2000 enterprises and government agencies to improve incident response and streamline workflows. Its offerings assist various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and utilities, by accurately classifying risks, identifying anomalies, and promptly addressing cyber threats while ensuring the continuity of critical business operations. The company's technology plays a crucial role in transforming the security landscape by making previously hidden devices visible and manageable.
ForeScout Technologies
Series B in 2001
ForeScout Technologies is a leader in providing network access control and policy compliance management solutions, focusing on enhancing security through visibility. The company specializes in agentless identification and management of traditional and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as they connect to networks. By integrating its platform with existing security tools, ForeScout enables Global 2000 enterprises and government agencies to improve incident response and streamline workflows. Its offerings assist various industries, including healthcare, financial services, and utilities, by accurately classifying risks, identifying anomalies, and promptly addressing cyber threats while ensuring the continuity of critical business operations. The company's technology plays a crucial role in transforming the security landscape by making previously hidden devices visible and manageable.
New Edge Networks
Private Equity Round in 2001
New Edge Networks is a national provider specializing in secure, multi-site managed data networks and dedicated internet access. The company primarily offers internet services through digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, catering to residences and businesses in small cities and semi-rural communities. In addition to DSL connections, New Edge Networks delivers services such as wide area networks, virtual private networks, and frame relay, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for its clients.
New Edge Networks
Series C in 2000
New Edge Networks is a national provider specializing in secure, multi-site managed data networks and dedicated internet access. The company primarily offers internet services through digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, catering to residences and businesses in small cities and semi-rural communities. In addition to DSL connections, New Edge Networks delivers services such as wide area networks, virtual private networks, and frame relay, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for its clients.
Counterpane Internet Security
Series B in 2000
Counterpane delivers Managed Security Monitoring to some of the best-known corporations in e-commerce, finance, healthcare, hosting, insurance, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and transportation.
New Edge Networks
Series B in 2000
New Edge Networks is a national provider specializing in secure, multi-site managed data networks and dedicated internet access. The company primarily offers internet services through digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, catering to residences and businesses in small cities and semi-rural communities. In addition to DSL connections, New Edge Networks delivers services such as wide area networks, virtual private networks, and frame relay, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for its clients.