Intel Corporation, established in 1968, is a global leader in semiconductor chip manufacturing. The company designs, manufactures, and sells essential technologies for cloud, smart, and connected devices worldwide. Intel operates through various segments, offering platform products like central processing units and chipsets, and non-platform products such as accelerators, connectivity products, and memory and storage solutions. Additionally, Intel provides Internet of Things products and computer vision technology. Serving original equipment manufacturers, original design manufacturers, and cloud service providers, Intel collaborates with other tech giants to advance computing and communications. Intel Capital, the company's strategic investment arm, invests in innovative startups targeting cloud, AI, 5G, and other disruptive technologies. With a workforce of over 100,000 employees globally, Intel is transforming from a PC-centric company to a data-centric one, powering the future of computing and communications.

Lightspeed Israel, established in 2006, is a venture capital firm based in Tel Aviv, Israel. It invests in seed, early, and later-stage companies across the information technology and TMT sectors. The firm focuses on supporting innovative Israeli startups, providing capital and strategic guidance to accelerate their growth. Lightspeed Israel typically invests between $2 million to $25 million per company, with a particular interest in enterprise, health, fintech, and consumer sectors. It manages multiple funds, including Lightspeed Venture Partners IX and Lightspeed India Partners I & II, to support its investment activities in Israel and India.

Cisco, a global technology leader, specializes in developing and selling networking hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment. Its extensive product portfolio includes routers, switches, network security products, wireless solutions, collaboration tools, and data center technologies. Cisco's offerings enable businesses, organizations, and individuals worldwide to build, manage, and secure networks, facilitating communication and enhancing connectivity across diverse industries. The company also provides transformational services, such as technical assistance and advanced services, to help customers work more efficiently. Cisco fosters innovation through initiatives like the Cisco Innovation Grand Challenge, which supports early-stage businesses and startups leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, the Cisco Foundation contributes to creating technology-based solutions for non-profit organizations. With a workforce of 80,000 employees across 90 countries, Cisco is one of the world's largest providers of networking equipment and a significant player in the software industry.

New Enterprise Associates (NEA) is a prominent venture capital firm established in 1977, headquartered in Menlo Park, California, with additional offices in the U.S., India, and China. NEA specializes in investing in technology and healthcare sectors, with a focus on enterprise, consumer, fintech, life sciences, and digital health companies. The firm engages with entrepreneurs at various stages of business development, providing support from initial funding to public offerings. NEA invests globally, with a significant presence in Asia, including China and India, as well as the United States. The firm typically invests between $0.05 million and $20 million per deal.

Sequoia Capital, established in 1972, is a prominent venture capital firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The company focuses on investing in early to growth-stage companies across various sectors, including information technology, healthcare, financial services, and energy. Sequoia Capital provides capital and strategic support to a select group of daring founders, helping them build legendary companies and push technological boundaries. The firm typically invests between $100,000 and $100 million, with a preference for being the first investor in profitable, fast-growing companies with proven teams and products. Sequoia Capital also manages funds focused on specific regions and sectors, such as India and the technology sector.

Accel, established in 1983, is a prominent venture capital firm headquartered in Palo Alto, California, with additional offices in San Francisco, London, and Bangalore. The firm specializes in investing in early and growth-stage technology startups, focusing on sectors such as software, cloud technologies, consumer services, enterprise, healthcare, fintech, and security. Accel's portfolio includes notable companies like Atlassian, Facebook, Slack, and Spotify, reflecting its ability to identify and support entrepreneurs building businesses that drive next-generation industries.

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., established in 1869, is a global leader in investment banking, securities, and investment management. It operates in four primary segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending, and Investment Management. The company provides a wide range of services, including financial advisory services for mergers and acquisitions, underwriting services for various securities, client execution services for fixed income, currencies, commodities, and equities, securities services, and wealth advisory services. It serves a diverse client base comprising corporations, financial institutions, governments, and high-net-worth individuals. Additionally, Goldman Sachs invests in a broad array of asset classes, including debt securities, equity securities, real estate, and private equity, demonstrating its commitment to driving growth and innovation across industries.

Bessemer Venture Partners, established in 1911, is a prominent venture capital firm headquartered in Redwood City, California, with a global presence. The firm invests in early-stage to growth-stage companies across various sectors, including software, TMT, healthcare, fintech, and consumer products. With a portfolio boasting successful companies like Pinterest, Shopify, Twilio, and Yelp, Bessemer Venture Partners has a proven track record in helping entrepreneurs build enduring companies. The firm manages multiple funds, totaling over $4 billion in assets, and provides support to founders from seed stage through to growth, fostering long-term relationships with its portfolio companies.

Cisco Investments, established in 1993, is the venture capital arm of Cisco Systems, Inc. Based in San Jose, California, with additional offices globally, it specializes in direct investments and fund of funds strategies. Focusing primarily on early-stage, growth-stage, and pre-IPO technology companies, Cisco Investments targets sectors such as data center, IoT, security, big data, cloud, and infrastructure. It invests globally, with a particular interest in regions like China, India, and Israel. The firm typically allocates between $0.8 million to $15 million per investment, seeking to acquire a 5% to 20% stake in portfolio companies. With over 40 investment professionals and an active portfolio of $2 billion across 80 direct investments and 35 fund partnerships, Cisco Investments aims to support and grow innovative technology startups worldwide.

Liberty Global is a London-based holding company that operates primarily in the telecommunications sector. It provides video, voice, and broadband internet services to customers in Europe, Japan, and Chile. The company's core business involves distributing these services through its extensive cable television systems, offering a range of programming options, including digital and high-definition television, video-on-demand, and telephony services. Liberty Global also owns programming networks and has interests in mobile telephony services. As of 2008, its networks passed approximately 34.3 million homes, serving around 15.6 million video subscribers, 6.2 million broadband internet subscribers, and 4.6 million telephony subscribers. Additionally, Liberty Global has a corporate venture arm, Liberty Global Ventures, which invests in technology-based sectors and is headquartered in London.

Zayo Group is a provider of bandwidth infrastructure services, catering to a diverse clientele that includes wireless and wireline carriers, media and content companies, government agencies, and large enterprises in various sectors such as healthcare. The company specializes in delivering both lit services and dark fiber products, ensuring robust connectivity through its extensive network infrastructure. Additionally, Zayo Group offers carrier-neutral colocation facilities and cloud infrastructure solutions, enhancing connectivity options for its customers and enabling them to improve their operational capabilities. Through its comprehensive offerings, Zayo Group supports the advancement of its clients' capabilities in an increasingly data-driven environment.

FJ Labs, established in 2015 and headquartered in New York, is a stage-agnostic investment firm focusing on marketplaces and consumer-facing startups. It invests in seed and series A rounds, with a typical investment range of $50,000 to $5,000,000. The firm's portfolio includes notable companies such as Alibaba Group, Beepi, BrightRoll, Betterment, Adore Me, and Earnest, spanning sectors like e-commerce, fintech, and ad tech.

Kleiner Perkins is a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, founded in 1972. The firm specializes in investing in early-stage, growth, and incubation companies across a range of industries, including business products, consumer services, financial services, healthcare, information technology, and life sciences. Kleiner Perkins partners with entrepreneurs from the inception of their ideas through to their initial public offerings, aiming to maximize the potential of innovative concepts. The firm has a global investment focus, engaging with founders in the United States, Canada, the Middle East, the United Kingdom, and Mainland China. It is recognized for its strategic support of bold ideas and its commitment to fostering growth in various sectors.

International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, is a member of the World Bank Group dedicated to fostering private sector development in emerging markets. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., with global offices, IFC provides financial and advisory services to support economic activities across various sectors such as infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing, and financial services. It invests in both direct equity and debt, as well as fund investments, with a focus on projects that promote sustainable development and inclusive growth. IFC's investment range typically spans from $1 million to $100 million, with a minority equity stake, often up to 20%. It also offers debt financing, with loan sizes up to 25% of total project costs or 50% for expansion projects. IFC's portfolio includes a mix of asset-backed securities, corporate debt securities, government obligations, equity investments, and derivative assets. It aims to exit investments through domestic stock markets, arrangements with project sponsors, or public listings within 7 to 15 years.

BlackRock, established in 1988, is a global investment management corporation headquartered in New York City. It offers a wide range of services, including investment management, financial technology, and advisory services, catering to diverse clients such as institutions, intermediaries, and individual investors. BlackRock's investment focus spans multiple asset classes, strategies, sectors, and regions. Its private equity arm, BlackRock Private Equity Partners, founded in 1999, specializes in direct investments and fund of fund investments across various stages and sectors, with a global investment scope.

Dell Technologies, established in 1984, is a leading American multinational technology company. Headquartered in Round Rock, Texas, it designs, develops, manufactures, markets, sells, and supports a wide array of IT hardware, software, and services solutions globally. Dell's product portfolio includes personal computers, servers, storage devices, networking products, displays, and security solutions. It operates through three main segments: Infrastructure Solutions Group (ISG), Client Solutions Group (CSG), and VMware. Dell serves both consumers and businesses, offering essential infrastructure for digital transformation and empowering customers to move forward. The company's success is driven by its customers and team members, with a robust ecosystem of component and assembly partners, and heavy reliance on channel partners for sales fulfillment.

Google.org is a philanthropic arm of Google, a multinational technology company. It funds and supports nonprofits globally, providing them with funding, tools, and volunteers. Google.org has committed approximately $100 million annually to these efforts, aiming to extend the reach of innovative nonprofits and create lasting global impact.

Post Road Group is a privately held investment firm based in Stamford, Connecticut, founded in 2015. As a Registered Investment Advisor, the company specializes in private credit and private equity investments, with a focus on various sectors including digital infrastructure, telecommunications, media, business services, real estate, and health care services. Post Road Group employs diverse investment strategies such as mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, buyouts, and growth capital to support its portfolio companies. The firm primarily targets opportunities within the United States and Canada, concentrating on tech-enabled businesses and specialty finance.

Momentum Telecom is a provider of cloud-based communication solutions, specializing in business voice, broadband management, and unified communications. The company focuses on empowering human connections by developing and integrating advanced cloud voice applications and services. Momentum Telecom primarily serves independent cable operators and municipalities across the U.S., offering private label residential and business digital voice solutions. Its offerings include a variety of cloud-based applications such as voice, video, and collaboration tools, which are designed to enhance productivity and efficiency for both direct customers and channel partners. With a robust telecommunications infrastructure and comprehensive back-office capabilities, Momentum Telecom delivers high-quality, cost-effective solutions tailored to the needs of its clients.

Andreessen Horowitz, established in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz, is a prominent venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California. The company specializes in investing in software businesses, with a focus on sectors such as bio + healthcare, artificial intelligence, consumer, enterprise, fintech, and infrastructure. It typically invests in startups at various stages, from seed to late-stage, with a flexible investment range of $0.025 million to $50 million. The firm is known for its focus on disruptive technology and has raised multiple funds to support its investment strategy.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency established in 1950 and based in Alexandria, Virginia. It is dedicated to supporting research and education in science and engineering across a wide range of disciplines. The NSF provides significant non-dilutive funding, up to $1.5 million, to startups and small businesses through its America's Seed Fund initiative, which is part of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program mandated by Congress. With an operating budget of approximately $7.8 billion, the NSF is committed to advancing fundamental research and education, thus fostering innovation and technological development in the United States.

Qualcomm Ventures, established in 2000, is the investment arm of Qualcomm Incorporated. Based in San Diego, California, it is a global corporate venture capital fund that invests in early-stage technology companies. With over $500 million initially committed and subsequent regional funds totaling over $300 million, Qualcomm Ventures focuses on sectors such as artificial intelligence, automotive, cloud, enterprise, internet of things, mobile, and extended reality. It seeks to generate strong returns while complementing Qualcomm's existing products and services, and often invests between $500,000 and $10 million at the expansion stage. Notable portfolio companies include 99 Taxis, Cruise Automation, and Fitbit.

Battery Ventures, established in 1983 and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, is a technology-focused private equity and venture capital firm. It invests in early and growth-stage companies across various technology sectors, including application software, IT infrastructure, consumer internet, mobile services, and industrial technologies. The firm's investment strategy is global, targeting companies primarily in the United States, Europe, and Israel. Battery Ventures is registered as an Investment Adviser.

Sutter Hill Ventures, established in 1962, is a California-based venture capital firm specializing in early-stage investments across various technology sectors. With over five decades of experience, the firm provides operational and financial expertise, strategic guidance, and extensive industry networks to help entrepreneurs build successful companies. They focus on a select portfolio of start-ups, offering long-term support and commitment, with a significant portion of their investments coming from their own capital. Sutter Hill's approach is collegial, direct, and results-driven, with a strong emphasis on building partnerships with entrepreneurs and helping them navigate the challenges of early-stage and high-growth companies.

SoftBank Group is a multinational telecommunications and internet corporation based in Japan. It operates through four segments: mobile communications, Sprint, fixed-line telecommunications, and internet. The company provides a wide range of services, including mobile and fixed-line voice and data transmission services, broadband services, internet advertising, e-commerce, and digital television. SoftBank Group also invests in various technologies through its venture capital arms, such as SoftBank Investment Advisers and SoftBank Vision Fund, focusing on areas like artificial intelligence, robotics, and the Internet of Things. One of its notable subsidiaries, SoftBank Robotics, designs and manufactures humanoid robots for various applications, including education, healthcare, and business.

Mayfield V, established in 1969, is a global venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California, with over $2.5 billion under management. The firm specializes in early-stage investments, focusing on technology companies in the enterprise and consumer sectors. Mayfield V seeks to partner with founders from inception, providing extensive experience and resources to build impactful companies. It invests in a broad range of technology subsectors, including artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and human & planetary health, with a typical investment size between $1 and $15 million. The firm also participates in follow-on financing rounds and assists in finding co-investors. Mayfield V has a strong track record, having invested in over 500 companies resulting in 117 IPOs and more than 200 mergers or acquisitions.

Antler, established in 2017 and headquartered in Singapore, is an early-stage venture capital firm focused on investing in technology companies. It supports exceptional founders from day one, providing access to a global network of co-founders, talent, advisors, and expansion support, along with capital. Antler's funds, including Antler UK Fund and Antler India Fund, target various sectors such as information technology, climate tech, healthtech, software, energy services, and SaaS, with investments ranging from USD 0.2 to 0.4 million.

Bpifrance is a financial institution dedicated to supporting companies throughout their development stages, particularly those preparing for stock market listing and seeking credit equity. The organization provides a range of financial solutions, including financing, innovation assistance, and capital investment. By integrating various entities such as OSEO and CDC Entreprises, Bpifrance aims to deliver tailored financial support that addresses the specific needs of businesses. The institution is committed to fostering innovation and helping companies transition toward sustainable growth, ensuring they are well-equipped to face future challenges.

Cloud Equity Group, established in 2013, is a New York-based private equity firm specializing in providing debt financing solutions to mid-market technology companies worldwide, with a strategic focus on the rapidly growing sectors of web hosting and cloud-based infrastructure.

Microsoft, an American multinational corporation, specializes in developing, manufacturing, licensing, supporting, and selling a wide range of software products and services. Its offerings include operating systems like Windows, productivity tools such as Microsoft Office, and cloud services through Microsoft Azure. Microsoft also produces hardware like Xbox gaming consoles, Surface devices, and PC accessories. Additionally, it provides business solutions through Microsoft Dynamics, enterprise services, and commercial cloud offerings. Microsoft operates globally, supporting startups through initiatives like Microsoft for Startups and Microsoft Accelerator, which offer mentorship, technical training, and access to markets and investors.

The European Investment Bank (EIB), established in 1958, is a long-term lending institution owned by the EU Member States. Headquartered in Luxembourg, it offers a wide range of financing solutions, including project loans, loans to banks and intermediaries, venture capital funds, and equity investments. EIB also provides structured finance products, guarantees, and securitization instruments, along with advisory services for infrastructure projects, urban development, and small to medium-sized enterprises. Its portfolio is predominantly composed of loans (93.08%), with a small portion allocated to debt and fixed income, shares, and other assets. EIB's mission is to support European integration and social cohesion, primarily within the European Union and internationally.

General Catalyst is a venture capital firm established in 2000, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with additional offices in North America and Europe. The company specializes in early-stage and growth equity investments, focusing on technology-driven businesses. It invests across various sectors, including consumer internet, enterprise software, fintech, health assurance, and crypto. General Catalyst provides not only capital but also mentorship and resources to accelerate the growth of its portfolio companies. To date, it has managed eight venture capital funds, totaling approximately $3.75 billion in capital commitments.

DFJ Growth, established in 2014 and based in Menlo Park, California, is a venture capital firm that invests in growth-stage technology companies. It focuses on partnering with visionary entrepreneurs who are scaling rapidly and poised for market leadership. The firm typically invests $2 million to $10 million initially, with a lifetime investment of around $15 million, across sectors such as software, consumer, enterprise, and healthcare technology. DFJ Growth is the later-stage investing practice of Threshold Ventures, which also manages early-stage funds.

Juniper Networks specializes in designing, developing, and selling high-performance network infrastructure products and services. Its offerings include routing, switching, Wi-Fi, network security, AI-enabled enterprise networking operations, and software-defined networking technologies. The company aims to help businesses build scalable, reliable, and secure networks, while improving operational efficiency through automation. Juniper also provides maintenance and support services to its customers.

Bain Capital, established in 1984, is a global multi-asset alternative investment firm with over $100 billion in assets under management. Headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, the firm operates through several business units: Private Equity, Public Equity, Credit, and Venture Capital. Bain Capital Private Equity invests in various sectors, including consumer, healthcare, industrials, and technology, across North America, Europe, and Asia. Bain Capital Ventures, the venture capital arm, focuses on seed to growth-stage investments in enterprise software, infrastructure software, and industries being transformed by data. Bain Capital Life Sciences, a dedicated life sciences investment platform, invests in biopharmaceutical, specialty pharmaceutical, medical device, diagnostics, and enabling life science technology companies globally. Bain Capital Double Impact, the firm's impact investing arm, builds great companies that deliver both competitive financial returns and meaningful, measurable social and environmental good.

Verizon Ventures, established in 2000, is the strategic investment arm of Verizon Communications, a leading broadband and telecommunications company. Based in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, Verizon Ventures focuses on investing in early-stage companies operating in network solutions, media, consumer, and business sectors. The firm seeks to connect these startups with Verizon's extensive ecosystem, leveraging its engineering expertise and market insights to accelerate their development. Verizon Ventures' investments align with Verizon's core business, aiming to drive innovation in wireless telecommunications and related services.

CDP Venture Capital, established in 2015 and based in Rome, Italy, is a prominent venture capital investment firm dedicated to fostering innovation and economic development within the country. The firm aims to enhance the venture capital ecosystem by investing in startups and growth companies across a diverse range of sectors, including consumer products, energy, healthcare, information technology, automotive, fashion, food, fintech, insur-tech, advanced manufacturing, agriculture materials, education, big data, life sciences, financial services, software-as-a-service, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. By prioritizing these industries, CDP Venture Capital seeks to create sustainable growth and support the overall development of Italy's entrepreneurial landscape.

Canaan X, established in 2014, is an early-stage venture capital fund based in San Francisco, California, managed by Canaan Partners. The fund invests in early-stage companies across the United States, Israel, and India, focusing on software, healthcare, and technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT) sectors. Canaan X typically invests between $1 million to $20 million per company, supporting entrepreneurs from the early stages through expansion.

Comcast Corporation, headquartered in Philadelphia, is a global media and technology company with two main divisions: Comcast Cable and NBCUniversal. Comcast Cable provides video, high-speed internet, phone, wireless security, and automation services to residential and business customers under the XFINITY brand. NBCUniversal operates news, entertainment, and sports cable networks, broadcast networks NBC and Telemundo, television production operations, station groups, Universal Pictures, and Universal Parks and Resorts. Comcast Ventures, established in 1999, is the venture capital affiliate of Comcast Corporation, investing in transformative consumer and enterprise companies across various sectors, typically from seed to late-stage growth, with initial investments ranging from $2 million to $25 million.

Tiger Global Management, established in 2001 by Charles Coleman, is a global investment firm headquartered in New York. It specializes in both public and private equity investments, focusing on companies that drive growth through technological innovation. The firm's public equity strategy encompasses long/short and growth-oriented investments, while its private equity arm targets early to late-stage companies across diverse industries. Tiger Global takes a long-term view, collaborating with portfolio companies throughout their lifecycle to identify and capitalize on high-quality growth opportunities worldwide, with a particular focus on emerging markets like China, India, and Latin America.

Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania, established in 1982, is a non-profit organization that fosters technological innovation and growth in the region. It primarily invests in early-stage technology companies, having supported over 1,750 such ventures since its inception. The organization also facilitates university-industry partnerships to accelerate scientific discoveries to market, and initiates regional programs to bolster the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Its mission is to create jobs and transform lives by leading the region's technology community to new heights.

Multicoin Capital, established in 2017 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, is a venture capital firm focused on investing in technology companies. As a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA), it provides long-term investments in tokens that drive transformative change in global economic sectors. The firm's mission is to facilitate the shift from centralized industrial-age institutions to decentralized internet-age ones, thereby accelerating humanity's potential.

Matrix Partners, established in 1977, is a prominent venture capital firm headquartered in San Francisco, California. The firm focuses on early-stage and early-growth investments, partnering with entrepreneurs to build significant, industry-leading companies. With a global perspective and local expertise, Matrix combines the insights of former entrepreneurs and experienced investors to guide its portfolio companies. The firm has a proven track record, having invested in over 500 companies, with 50 going public and 75 achieving profitable M&A exits. Notable investments include Baidu, Apple, and Oculus. Matrix invests across various sectors, including applied AI, B2B SaaS, digital health, and sustainable-defined hardware.

Macquarie Bank, a subsidiary of Macquarie Group, is a global financial institution offering a wide range of services. It provides commercial banking and retail financial services, including personal banking, wealth management, business banking, and vehicle finance. Additionally, it offers corporate and structured finance, home loans, and asset financing and leasing services. Macquarie Bank also engages in trading activities such as fixed income, equities, foreign exchange, and commodities, along with broking services. The company operates in various regions worldwide, with a strong presence in Australia, and is regulated by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). Macquarie Group, established in 1969, employs over 13,900 people across 28 countries, with assets under management of $US359 billion as of 30 September 2013.

Bosch Ventures, established in 2007, is the corporate venture capital arm of the Bosch Group, a global technology and services supplier. Based in Stuttgart-Weilimdorf, Germany, Bosch Ventures invests worldwide in innovative startups, focusing on technologies relevant to Bosch's current and future business areas, such as automation, electrification, energy efficiency, enabling technologies, and healthcare systems. The firm invests from EUR 500k to over EUR 15m per company, typically taking a 10% to 25% equity stake, and often collaborates with other investors. Bosch Ventures' parent company, the Bosch Group, offers innovative solutions for smart homes, connected mobility, and connected industry, leveraging its expertise in sensor technology, software, and services to improve quality of life and preserve natural resources.

Ciena is a network and technology company that specializes in providing network hardware, software, and services essential for the transport, switching, aggregation, service delivery, and management of video, data, and voice traffic across communications networks. With a focus on innovation, Ciena combines the reliability and capacity of optical networking with the flexibility of Ethernet, supported by a comprehensive software suite that enhances network automation. The company caters to various sectors, including communication service providers, web-scale operators, cable operators, government entities, and large enterprises globally. Ciena operates through several segments, including Networking Platforms, Platform Software and Services, Blue Planet Automation Software, and Global Services, with a significant presence in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Latin America.

MH Ventures is an early-stage venture capital firm established in 2021 and based in London, England. The firm is committed to fostering the growth of the Web3 ecosystem by investing in visionary entrepreneurs. MH Ventures focuses on providing comprehensive support to its portfolio companies, aiming to empower founders as they navigate the challenges of building innovative solutions in the rapidly evolving Web3 landscape. By prioritizing founder-centric approaches, the firm seeks to drive meaningful advancements in technology and business models within this emerging sector.

BDC Capital Inc., established in 1975, is a private equity and venture capital arm of the Business Development Bank of Canada. It specializes in direct and fund of funds investments, focusing on middle market, later stage, and emerging growth companies. BDC Capital provides a full spectrum of risk capital, from seed investments to transition capital, with a focus on early and development technology stage companies. It invests in healthcare, information technology, and industrial/energy/clean technology sectors across Canada, with a focus on Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. BDC Capital typically invests between CAD3 million and CAD35 million, preferring minority stakes and Board representation. It seeks to exit investments within three to five years through IPOs, strategic sales, or leveraged management buyouts.

GGV Capital V, established in 2016, is a venture capital fund based in Menlo Park, California, managed by GGV Capital. The fund invests in the United States and China, focusing on the software sector. It typically allocates USD 5 to 25 million for initial investments in companies within this sector.

Scottish Enterprise, established in 1991, is Scotland's principal economic development agency, operating as a non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. Its mission is to stimulate Scotland's economic growth by fostering an innovative, high-wage, and productive economy with a strong international presence. The agency partners with both public and private sectors to identify and capitalize on opportunities that drive significant, lasting economic impact. Scottish Enterprise provides comprehensive support to businesses, including helping companies secure appropriate finance, strengthening management teams, and facilitating growth and export initiatives. It works closely with Scottish SMEs, as well as UK and international investors, such as business angels, venture capital groups, and corporate investors. The agency operates across Scotland in collaboration with Highlands and Islands Enterprise, aiming to increase the supply of finance for businesses and support the SME funding market.