AccelerComm Ltd is a semiconductor IP-core company based in Southampton, United Kingdom, specializing in Forward Error Correction (FEC) solutions for wireless communications. Established in 2016, the company develops innovative error correction decoders designed for various markets, including mobile handsets, base stations, and satellite communications. Its product offerings include Polar, Turbo Decoder, and LDPC encoding/decoding chains, which are compliant with 3GPP standards. AccelerComm's technology addresses performance bottlenecks in next-generation wireless communication by enhancing the error correction processes necessary to mitigate the impacts of noise, interference, and poor signal strength. By providing cost-effective and high-performance solutions, AccelerComm enables clients to optimize their digital communication systems.
Semarion is a spin-out company from the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, operating at the edge of the physical and life sciences. Semarion combines microchip industry materials and techniques engineering and cell biology to tackle unmet drug screening needs.
Paragraf Ltd. is a graphene technology development company based in Somersham, United Kingdom, established in 2015. The company specializes in the production of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, and focuses on developing graphene-based electronic devices, green energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaic cells, and various sensors. By leveraging innovative methods, Paragraf aims to unlock the full potential of graphene and advance its applications across multiple technology sectors. The company's commitment to driving the adoption of this versatile material positions it as a key player in the field of advanced materials and their transformative capabilities.
Bramble Energy Ltd. is a London-based company that specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of printed circuit board fuel cells (PCBFCs). Leveraging its expertise in the high-volume printed circuit board industry, the company produces a range of fuel cell products, including 20 W, 500 W, and 5 kW PCBFC stacks, as well as custom-designed solutions. Bramble Energy aims to supply gigawatts of fuel cell hardware, positioning itself as a leader in the energy technology sector. Its innovative approach caters to various applications across the stationary, portable, automotive, and mobility sectors. Founded in 2015, Bramble Energy is focused on delivering high-performance and cost-effective fuel cell solutions.
Paragraf Ltd. is a graphene technology development company based in Somersham, United Kingdom, established in 2015. The company specializes in the production of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, and focuses on developing graphene-based electronic devices, green energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaic cells, and various sensors. By leveraging innovative methods, Paragraf aims to unlock the full potential of graphene and advance its applications across multiple technology sectors. The company's commitment to driving the adoption of this versatile material positions it as a key player in the field of advanced materials and their transformative capabilities.
Developer of perovskite-based display materials intended to secure fundamental IP with a strong, scientific foundation. The company's technologies are based on the use of innovative new materials built around metal halide perovskites which can be synthesized from low-temperature alternative processes using earth-abundant precursor materials, enabling scientists to get bright and colorful light-emitting materials and technologies for TV and displays.
Porotech is a spin-out from the University of Cambridge. It mainly focuses on the development of wide-bandgap compound GaN semiconductors by applying material technologies and solutions to unleash the full potential of GaN to revolutionize the electronics industry. The company was co-founded by Dr. Tongtong Zhu, Dr. Yingjun Liu, and Prof. Rachel Oliver.
Cambridge GaN Devices is a developer of semiconductors focused on designing, creating, and commercializing gallium nitride-based power devices. The company's transistors offer higher speed, significantly lower power loss, and reduced size compared to traditional silicon alternatives. These advancements result in lower energy consumption and enhanced power storage and conversion capabilities. As a result, Cambridge GaN Devices provides industries with compact semiconductors tailored for critical applications across various market segments.
Nu Quantum Ltd is a Cambridge-based company that specializes in the development of quantum photonics hardware, including photon sources and detectors, as well as quantum cryptography systems. Founded in 2018, the company focuses on creating nano-engineered materials that facilitate light generation at the quantum level and enable ultra-sensitive light detection. It also develops fundamental algorithms and protocols for generating secure cryptographic keys and offers quantum encryption links for secure communications. By integrating novel materials and semiconductor technology, Nu Quantum aims to provide end-to-end quantum cryptography solutions that secure communications over urban and satellite free-space optical links, thereby supporting the future of information processing and quantum networking infrastructure.
Bramble Energy Ltd. is a London-based company that specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of printed circuit board fuel cells (PCBFCs). Leveraging its expertise in the high-volume printed circuit board industry, the company produces a range of fuel cell products, including 20 W, 500 W, and 5 kW PCBFC stacks, as well as custom-designed solutions. Bramble Energy aims to supply gigawatts of fuel cell hardware, positioning itself as a leader in the energy technology sector. Its innovative approach caters to various applications across the stationary, portable, automotive, and mobility sectors. Founded in 2015, Bramble Energy is focused on delivering high-performance and cost-effective fuel cell solutions.
Symetrica Ltd. provides integrated radiation detection and identification technologies for custom organizations and government departments worldwide. Its technology for homeland security include gamma-ray detection and identification sub-systems; helium-3 neutron detector technology; and spectroscopic PVT detector systems. The company serves the military and homeland security markets. Symetrica Ltd. was founded in 2002 and is based in Southampton, United Kingdom with additional office in Maynard, Massachusetts.
Bramble Energy Ltd. is a London-based company that specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of printed circuit board fuel cells (PCBFCs). Leveraging its expertise in the high-volume printed circuit board industry, the company produces a range of fuel cell products, including 20 W, 500 W, and 5 kW PCBFC stacks, as well as custom-designed solutions. Bramble Energy aims to supply gigawatts of fuel cell hardware, positioning itself as a leader in the energy technology sector. Its innovative approach caters to various applications across the stationary, portable, automotive, and mobility sectors. Founded in 2015, Bramble Energy is focused on delivering high-performance and cost-effective fuel cell solutions.
Symetrica Ltd. provides integrated radiation detection and identification technologies for custom organizations and government departments worldwide. Its technology for homeland security include gamma-ray detection and identification sub-systems; helium-3 neutron detector technology; and spectroscopic PVT detector systems. The company serves the military and homeland security markets. Symetrica Ltd. was founded in 2002 and is based in Southampton, United Kingdom with additional office in Maynard, Massachusetts.
Quantum Motion Technologies Limited is focused on developing a universal quantum computer utilizing silicon-based technology and CMOS-compatible processes. Founded in 2017 and based in Leeds, United Kingdom, the company aims to create scalable quantum computing architectures that address issues such as fault tolerance and qubit redundancy. Its technology is designed to enhance qubit density, allowing for the construction of large-scale quantum systems capable of solving complex problems in various fields, including chemistry, medicine, and artificial intelligence. By leveraging advanced architectural approaches, Quantum Motion Technologies seeks to advance the quantum technology sector and provide solutions that reduce errors and overcome critical challenges in quantum information processing.
Sorex Sensors Limited specializes in the design and manufacturing of film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mass sensors for both industrial and consumer applications. The sensors are constructed on silicon wafers and utilize a thin film of piezoelectric material, enabling them to measure mass by detecting changes in resonant frequency when mass is applied to their surface. These sensors are characterized by their dual-mode capability, allowing simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature, with mass sensitivity reaching the femtogram range and temperature resolution down to 0.2 °C. Their compact size and low power consumption make them suitable for various applications, including thin film metrology, particulate monitoring, and gas detection. Sorex Sensors was incorporated in 2017 and is headquartered in the United Kingdom.
Ilika is a company specializing in the design, development, and production of solid-state batteries, primarily based in the United Kingdom, with a presence in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in 2010 and headquartered in Romsey, Ilika offers a variety of battery solutions for diverse applications, including industrial Internet of Things (IoT), electric vehicles, smart cities, consumer electronics, medical devices, automotive, military, and aerospace sectors. The company is known for its innovative Stereax micro batteries, tailored for the Industrial IoT and MedTech markets, as well as its Goliath large format batteries aimed at electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Ilika's patented high-throughput techniques significantly accelerate the development of new materials for energy and electronics, enabling faster production and testing compared to traditional methods. Its Stereax technology presents several advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries, such as a smaller footprint, higher energy density, non-toxic materials, quicker charging, longer cycle life, low leakage, and reduced flammability.
Manufacturer and developer of organic photovoltaic devices designed to enhance next-generation solar technology. The company's devices engage in the deployment of off-grid solar power and use advanced nanotechnology to split each incoming blue and green photon into two infra-red photons, enabling clients to deploy solar power through lightweight devices whenever needed.
Paragraf Ltd. is a graphene technology development company based in Somersham, United Kingdom, established in 2015. The company specializes in the production of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, and focuses on developing graphene-based electronic devices, green energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaic cells, and various sensors. By leveraging innovative methods, Paragraf aims to unlock the full potential of graphene and advance its applications across multiple technology sectors. The company's commitment to driving the adoption of this versatile material positions it as a key player in the field of advanced materials and their transformative capabilities.
Porotech is a spin-out from the University of Cambridge. It mainly focuses on the development of wide-bandgap compound GaN semiconductors by applying material technologies and solutions to unleash the full potential of GaN to revolutionize the electronics industry. The company was co-founded by Dr. Tongtong Zhu, Dr. Yingjun Liu, and Prof. Rachel Oliver.
Paragraf Ltd. is a graphene technology development company based in Somersham, United Kingdom, established in 2015. The company specializes in the production of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, and focuses on developing graphene-based electronic devices, green energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaic cells, and various sensors. By leveraging innovative methods, Paragraf aims to unlock the full potential of graphene and advance its applications across multiple technology sectors. The company's commitment to driving the adoption of this versatile material positions it as a key player in the field of advanced materials and their transformative capabilities.
Symetrica Ltd. provides integrated radiation detection and identification technologies for custom organizations and government departments worldwide. Its technology for homeland security include gamma-ray detection and identification sub-systems; helium-3 neutron detector technology; and spectroscopic PVT detector systems. The company serves the military and homeland security markets. Symetrica Ltd. was founded in 2002 and is based in Southampton, United Kingdom with additional office in Maynard, Massachusetts.
Cambridge GaN Devices is a developer of semiconductors focused on designing, creating, and commercializing gallium nitride-based power devices. The company's transistors offer higher speed, significantly lower power loss, and reduced size compared to traditional silicon alternatives. These advancements result in lower energy consumption and enhanced power storage and conversion capabilities. As a result, Cambridge GaN Devices provides industries with compact semiconductors tailored for critical applications across various market segments.
Bramble Energy Ltd. is a London-based company that specializes in the design, development, and manufacture of printed circuit board fuel cells (PCBFCs). Leveraging its expertise in the high-volume printed circuit board industry, the company produces a range of fuel cell products, including 20 W, 500 W, and 5 kW PCBFC stacks, as well as custom-designed solutions. Bramble Energy aims to supply gigawatts of fuel cell hardware, positioning itself as a leader in the energy technology sector. Its innovative approach caters to various applications across the stationary, portable, automotive, and mobility sectors. Founded in 2015, Bramble Energy is focused on delivering high-performance and cost-effective fuel cell solutions.
Salunda Limited specializes in the development of contactless sensor technology tailored for monitoring machinery in harsh environments. The company provides a range of innovative products, including inline sensors for measuring the composition of fluids such as oil, water, and gas, as well as downhole inspection tools and oilfield machinery sensors. These sensors enable the detection of wear and failure in critical components, offering precise monitoring of fluid levels in production and test separators, even amid bubbles and froth. Salunda’s technology also includes speed and position sensors applicable in automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors, which can identify issues like cracks and vibrations in machinery. By utilizing patented technologies, Salunda aims to deliver reliable and accurate measurements essential for the oil industry and other demanding applications. Established in 2004 and formerly known as Oxford RF Sensors Ltd., the company is headquartered in Weston on the Green, United Kingdom.
Paragraf Ltd. is a graphene technology development company based in Somersham, United Kingdom, established in 2015. The company specializes in the production of two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene, and focuses on developing graphene-based electronic devices, green energy generation devices such as solar photovoltaic cells, and various sensors. By leveraging innovative methods, Paragraf aims to unlock the full potential of graphene and advance its applications across multiple technology sectors. The company's commitment to driving the adoption of this versatile material positions it as a key player in the field of advanced materials and their transformative capabilities.
Bodle Technologies Limited provides advanced optoelectronic solutions for displays and smart windows. It offers zero-power reflective displays that are bi-stable reflective displays with ultra-high resolution; smart windows; and security coatings that change color under mechanical, optical or electrical probing techniques that result in unbreakable security features in currencies, ID cards, and official documentation. Its reflective displays are used in wearables, near-eye, and projection based displays. Bodle Technologies Limited was incorporated in 2015 and is headquartered in Begbroke, United Kingdom.
Quantum Motion Technologies Limited is focused on developing a universal quantum computer utilizing silicon-based technology and CMOS-compatible processes. Founded in 2017 and based in Leeds, United Kingdom, the company aims to create scalable quantum computing architectures that address issues such as fault tolerance and qubit redundancy. Its technology is designed to enhance qubit density, allowing for the construction of large-scale quantum systems capable of solving complex problems in various fields, including chemistry, medicine, and artificial intelligence. By leveraging advanced architectural approaches, Quantum Motion Technologies seeks to advance the quantum technology sector and provide solutions that reduce errors and overcome critical challenges in quantum information processing.
Oxford Photovoltaics Limited develops and commercializes thin-film perovskite solar cells that are printed directly onto silicon solar cells, CIGS solar cells, or glass. Oxford Photovoltaics Limited has a strategic partnership with Meyer Burger Technology Ltd. The company was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ceres Power Holdings is a UK-based fuel cell technology and engineering company that specializes in the development and commercialization of innovative energy solutions. Founded in 2001 and headquartered in Horsham, it focuses on its SteelCell technology, which is a perforated sheet of steel designed to convert fuel directly into electrical power. This fuel-agnostic system currently operates on natural gas and is adaptable for future fuels like biogas and hydrogen. Ceres Power's products serve various markets, including commercial, automotive, data centers, and residential applications, aiming to provide cleaner and more affordable energy. The company has established strategic collaborations, such as with AVL List GmbH, to enhance customer adoption and advance solid oxide fuel cell technology for diverse applications. With a commitment to sustainability and innovation, Ceres Power is positioned to significantly contribute to the global shift towards renewable energy solutions.
Ilika is a company specializing in the design, development, and production of solid-state batteries, primarily based in the United Kingdom, with a presence in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in 2010 and headquartered in Romsey, Ilika offers a variety of battery solutions for diverse applications, including industrial Internet of Things (IoT), electric vehicles, smart cities, consumer electronics, medical devices, automotive, military, and aerospace sectors. The company is known for its innovative Stereax micro batteries, tailored for the Industrial IoT and MedTech markets, as well as its Goliath large format batteries aimed at electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Ilika's patented high-throughput techniques significantly accelerate the development of new materials for energy and electronics, enabling faster production and testing compared to traditional methods. Its Stereax technology presents several advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries, such as a smaller footprint, higher energy density, non-toxic materials, quicker charging, longer cycle life, low leakage, and reduced flammability.
Microsaic Systems specializes in the research, development, and commercialization of miniaturized mass spectrometry instruments, utilizing micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. The company offers a range of products including the MiD platform solutions, which cater to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications, as well as automated sampling interfaces and specialized mass spectrometers. Their technology has diverse applications such as liquid chromatography, process analytical technology, and mass-directed purification. In addition to selling instruments, Microsaic provides support services, training programs, and collaborates with original equipment manufacturers and distributors. The company is also expanding its focus to include the integration of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things analytical sensors, aiming to generate recurring revenue in sectors like bioprocessing, environmental monitoring, and health, with potential extensions into aviation, food, and oil industries. Headquartered in Woking, United Kingdom, Microsaic Systems was incorporated in 1998.
Salunda Limited specializes in the development of contactless sensor technology tailored for monitoring machinery in harsh environments. The company provides a range of innovative products, including inline sensors for measuring the composition of fluids such as oil, water, and gas, as well as downhole inspection tools and oilfield machinery sensors. These sensors enable the detection of wear and failure in critical components, offering precise monitoring of fluid levels in production and test separators, even amid bubbles and froth. Salunda’s technology also includes speed and position sensors applicable in automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors, which can identify issues like cracks and vibrations in machinery. By utilizing patented technologies, Salunda aims to deliver reliable and accurate measurements essential for the oil industry and other demanding applications. Established in 2004 and formerly known as Oxford RF Sensors Ltd., the company is headquartered in Weston on the Green, United Kingdom.
ROADMap Systems Limited is a technology company based in Cambridge, United Kingdom, specializing in wavelength selective switch (WSS) technology for fiber optic communication networks. Established in 2013, the company focuses on developing optical and wavelength selective switches that facilitate the creation of reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs). These switches address the growing demands of network operators facing challenges related to increasing data capacity, managing operational and capital expenses, and adapting to rapidly changing service requirements. By leveraging patented technology from the Cambridge Centre for Advanced Photonics and Electronics, ROADMap offers solutions that enable flexible optical switching capable of supporting next-generation 400 Gbps data rates, thus providing clients with cost-effective and future-proof options for their telecommunications and data communication needs.
Bodle Technologies Limited provides advanced optoelectronic solutions for displays and smart windows. It offers zero-power reflective displays that are bi-stable reflective displays with ultra-high resolution; smart windows; and security coatings that change color under mechanical, optical or electrical probing techniques that result in unbreakable security features in currencies, ID cards, and official documentation. Its reflective displays are used in wearables, near-eye, and projection based displays. Bodle Technologies Limited was incorporated in 2015 and is headquartered in Begbroke, United Kingdom.
Cambridge CMOS Sensors (CCS) is an industry leader in sensor technology and a leading manufacturer of sensor solutions and components for monitoring air quality, including hazardous gases and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Founded in 2008 as a spin-off from Cambridge University, we are revolutionising environmental sensing for health and well-being through a new generation of semiconductor-based sensors.
Our technology offers a radical step change in performance, with significantly lower power consumption, ultra-fast response time, embedded intelligence and ultra-small form factor.
Oxford Photovoltaics Limited develops and commercializes thin-film perovskite solar cells that are printed directly onto silicon solar cells, CIGS solar cells, or glass. Oxford Photovoltaics Limited has a strategic partnership with Meyer Burger Technology Ltd. The company was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Oxford, United Kingdom.
Surrey NanoSystems Limited is a manufacturer of nanoscale materials, specializing in advanced super-black coatings, notably Vantablack. This innovative coating is applied to surfaces using vacuum-deposition technology, as well as through spraying and post-processing methods. Vantablack is utilized in a diverse array of applications, including stray light suppression, architectural lighting, sensors, telescopes, infrared imaging systems, and cinematography optics. Additionally, the coating enhances the performance of sensitive electro-optical imaging systems, making it valuable in sectors such as aerospace, automotive safety, architecture, and luxury goods. Founded in 2006 and headquartered in Newhaven, United Kingdom, Surrey NanoSystems was previously known as CEVP Limited before adopting its current name in December 2006.
Salunda Limited specializes in the development of contactless sensor technology tailored for monitoring machinery in harsh environments. The company provides a range of innovative products, including inline sensors for measuring the composition of fluids such as oil, water, and gas, as well as downhole inspection tools and oilfield machinery sensors. These sensors enable the detection of wear and failure in critical components, offering precise monitoring of fluid levels in production and test separators, even amid bubbles and froth. Salunda’s technology also includes speed and position sensors applicable in automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors, which can identify issues like cracks and vibrations in machinery. By utilizing patented technologies, Salunda aims to deliver reliable and accurate measurements essential for the oil industry and other demanding applications. Established in 2004 and formerly known as Oxford RF Sensors Ltd., the company is headquartered in Weston on the Green, United Kingdom.
Cambridge CMOS Sensors (CCS) is an industry leader in sensor technology and a leading manufacturer of sensor solutions and components for monitoring air quality, including hazardous gases and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Founded in 2008 as a spin-off from Cambridge University, we are revolutionising environmental sensing for health and well-being through a new generation of semiconductor-based sensors.
Our technology offers a radical step change in performance, with significantly lower power consumption, ultra-fast response time, embedded intelligence and ultra-small form factor.
Cambridge CMOS Sensors (CCS) is an industry leader in sensor technology and a leading manufacturer of sensor solutions and components for monitoring air quality, including hazardous gases and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Founded in 2008 as a spin-off from Cambridge University, we are revolutionising environmental sensing for health and well-being through a new generation of semiconductor-based sensors.
Our technology offers a radical step change in performance, with significantly lower power consumption, ultra-fast response time, embedded intelligence and ultra-small form factor.
Symetrica Ltd. provides integrated radiation detection and identification technologies for custom organizations and government departments worldwide. Its technology for homeland security include gamma-ray detection and identification sub-systems; helium-3 neutron detector technology; and spectroscopic PVT detector systems. The company serves the military and homeland security markets. Symetrica Ltd. was founded in 2002 and is based in Southampton, United Kingdom with additional office in Maynard, Massachusetts.
Microsaic Systems specializes in the research, development, and commercialization of miniaturized mass spectrometry instruments, utilizing micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. The company offers a range of products including the MiD platform solutions, which cater to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical applications, as well as automated sampling interfaces and specialized mass spectrometers. Their technology has diverse applications such as liquid chromatography, process analytical technology, and mass-directed purification. In addition to selling instruments, Microsaic provides support services, training programs, and collaborates with original equipment manufacturers and distributors. The company is also expanding its focus to include the integration of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things analytical sensors, aiming to generate recurring revenue in sectors like bioprocessing, environmental monitoring, and health, with potential extensions into aviation, food, and oil industries. Headquartered in Woking, United Kingdom, Microsaic Systems was incorporated in 1998.
Oxford Photovoltaics Limited develops and commercializes thin-film perovskite solar cells that are printed directly onto silicon solar cells, CIGS solar cells, or glass. Oxford Photovoltaics Limited has a strategic partnership with Meyer Burger Technology Ltd. The company was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Oxford, United Kingdom.
Cambridge CMOS Sensors (CCS) is an industry leader in sensor technology and a leading manufacturer of sensor solutions and components for monitoring air quality, including hazardous gases and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Founded in 2008 as a spin-off from Cambridge University, we are revolutionising environmental sensing for health and well-being through a new generation of semiconductor-based sensors.
Our technology offers a radical step change in performance, with significantly lower power consumption, ultra-fast response time, embedded intelligence and ultra-small form factor.
Surrey NanoSystems Limited is a manufacturer of nanoscale materials, specializing in advanced super-black coatings, notably Vantablack. This innovative coating is applied to surfaces using vacuum-deposition technology, as well as through spraying and post-processing methods. Vantablack is utilized in a diverse array of applications, including stray light suppression, architectural lighting, sensors, telescopes, infrared imaging systems, and cinematography optics. Additionally, the coating enhances the performance of sensitive electro-optical imaging systems, making it valuable in sectors such as aerospace, automotive safety, architecture, and luxury goods. Founded in 2006 and headquartered in Newhaven, United Kingdom, Surrey NanoSystems was previously known as CEVP Limited before adopting its current name in December 2006.
Lime Microsystems Limited designs and manufactures field programmable radio frequency transceiver integrated circuits for wireless applications. Its products are used for consumer communications equipment that include femtocells and repeaters, military radio, emergency services, wireless infrastructure, mobile base stations, and indoor navigation. The company’s products are also used for machine-to-machine networks, disaster relief networks, test/verification systems, small cell communications equipment, satellite communication, white space, CPES and home gateways, SDR and FPGA platforms, open source radio, broadband wireless, net books and tablet PCs, and cognitive radio. It serves private companies, government, and military organizations. The company was founded in 2005 and is based in Guildford, United Kingdom.
Oxford Photovoltaics Limited develops and commercializes thin-film perovskite solar cells that are printed directly onto silicon solar cells, CIGS solar cells, or glass. Oxford Photovoltaics Limited has a strategic partnership with Meyer Burger Technology Ltd. The company was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Oxford, United Kingdom.